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  • Chemotherapy with cytochalasin congeners in vitro and in vivo against murine models.

Chemotherapy with cytochalasin congeners in vitro and in vivo against murine models.

Investigational new drugs (2015-01-08)
Matthew Trendowski, Joan M Mitchell, Christine M Corsette, Christopher Acquafondata, Thomas P Fondy
ABSTRACT

Background Despite inherent differences between the cytoskeletal networks of malignant and normal cells, and the clinical antineoplastic activity of microtubule-directed agents, there has yet to be a microfilament-directed agent approved for clinical use. One of the most studied microfilament-directed agents has been cytochalasin B, a mycogenic toxin known to disrupt the formation of actin polymers. Therefore, this study sought to expand on our previous work with the microfilament-directed agent, along with other less studied cytochalasin congeners. Materials and Methods We determined whether cytochalasin B exerted significant cytotoxic effects in vitro on adherent M109 lung carcinoma and B16BL6 and B16F10 murine melanomas, or on suspension P388/ADR murine leukemia cells. We also examined whether cytochalasin B, its reduced congener 21, 22-dihydrocytochalasin B (DiHCB), or cytochalasin D could synergize with doxorubicin (ADR) against ADR-resistant P388/ADR leukemia cells, and produce significant cytotoxicity in vitro. For in vivo characterization, cytochalasins B and D were administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) to Balb/c mice challenged with drug sensitive P388-S or multidrug resistant P388/ADR leukemias. Results Cytochalasin B demonstrated higher cytotoxicity against adherent lung carcinoma and melanoma cells than against suspension P388/ADR leukemia cells, as assessed by comparative effects on cell growth, and IC₅₀ and IC₈₀ values. Isobolographic analysis indicated that both cytochalasin B and DiHCB demonstrate considerable drug synergy with ADR against ADR-resistant P388/ADR leukemia, while cytochalasin D exhibits only additivity with ADR against the same cell line. In vivo, cytochalasins B and D substantially increased the life expectancy of mice challenged with P388/S and P388/ADR leukemias, and in some cases, produced long-term survival. Conclusion Taken together, it appears that cytochalasins have unique antineoplastic activity that could potentiate a novel class of chemotherapeutic agents.

MATERIALS
Product Number
Brand
Product Description

Sigma-Aldrich
Trypan Blue, Dye content 60 %, ≥80% (HPLC)
Sigma-Aldrich
Trypan Blue, powder, BioReagent, suitable for cell culture
Sigma-Aldrich
Cytochalasin D, Ready Made Solution, from Zygosporium mansonii, 5 mg/mL in DMSO
Isoflurane, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
Sigma-Aldrich
Trypan Blue, Vetec, reagent grade
Sigma-Aldrich
Trypan Blue solution, 0.4%, suitable for microscopy
Sigma-Aldrich
Trypan Blue solution, 0.4%, liquid, sterile-filtered, suitable for cell culture