Kevin Su, Nick Asbrock, Vi Chu, Ph.D., Stefanie Hoffmann, M.S., Philip Hewitt, Ph.D.
Inconclusive or adverse screening results of the effects of drugs and their metabolites on relevant human tissues have negatively impacted the ability to introduce new drug candidates. Additionaly, absorption of orally delivered drugs is a crucial criterion for screening new compounds at the early stage of drug discovery.1 Monolayers of Caco‐2 cells, a transformed cell line derived from human colorectal carcinoma, have been widely used by pharmaceutical companies as a standard intestinal barrier model for the prediction of intestinal permeability for drug candidates.2 Despite their convenience and accessibility, Caco-2 cells have a single homogeneous phenotype, and therefore fail to recapitulate lineage development into the diverse cell phenotypes that constitute the physiology of the native intestinal epithelium, leading to inconclusive experimental results. Stem cell- and tissue- derived organoids have more complex 3D tissue-like architecture and structure.3 Human epithelial colon organoids are thought to be considered more physiologically relevant for drug screening applications.4 We have generated a highly-qualified human iPSC-derived colonic organoid system consisting of assay-ready cryopreserved human colon organoids and specialized serum-free expansion media that was used to test the cytotoxic effects of numerous drug compounds.
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Figure 1.Morphology and growth of untreated human colon organoids. Human colonic organoids are expanded in 3D Matrigel® matrix domes for a 10 day period and increase in overall mean length and area.
Figure 2.Cytotoxicity testing of drug compounds using human colon organoids. Cytotoxic effects of five compounds (flavopiridol, loperamide, paracetamol, ketoprofen and alosetron) on human colon organoids using the CellTiter-Glo® 3D Cell Viability Reagent.
Here we demonstrate the use of highly-characterized human iPS cell-derived colon organoids as an alternative cell model for traditional Caco-2 cell drug toxicity assays for drug screening applications. Cell viability of five compounds were tested: two compounds (flavopiridol and loperamide) had negative effects on cell viability, three compounds (paracetamol, ketoprofen, alosetron) had no effects on cell viability. Using human colonic organoids as an intestinal tissue model could decrease the time and cost of drug development and provide new insights into drug absorption and drug discovery.
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