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Petr Gebauer et al.
Electrophoresis, 29(5), 1067-1076 (2008-01-26)
In electrophoresis, the introduction of a sample into the BGE creates two new zone boundaries, the front and rear boundary of the sample zone which is sandwiched between the BGE. During an electrophoresis run, these boundaries move and split into
Y El-Nahhal et al.
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 48(10), 4791-4801 (2000-10-29)
This study aimed to design formulations of hydrophobic herbicides, alachlor and metolachlor, by adsorbing them on the clay mineral montmorillonite preadsorbed by the small organic cation phenyltrimethylammonium (PTMA). An adsorption model that considers electrostatics and specific binding and the possibility
Jie Zhang et al.
Journal of chromatography. A, 1216(44), 7527-7532 (2009-04-07)
A method has been established for the determination of four pharmaceutically active compounds (ibuprofen, ketoprofen, naproxen and clofibric acid) in water samples using dynamic hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF/LPME) followed by gas chromatography (GC) injection port derivatization and GC-mass spectrometric
Niels van Boxtel et al.
Journal of chromatography. A, 1476, 105-113 (2016-11-26)
The analysis of quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) using GC is often performed by "in injector" pyrolysis to create volatile degradation products for quantification purposes. Besides the risk of severe system contamination, the application of this approach on aqueous samples is
Godfrey Lisk et al.
Molecular pharmacology, 71(5), 1241-1250 (2007-02-09)
Human red blood cells infected with the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum have markedly increased permeabilities to diverse organic and inorganic solutes. The plasmodial surface anion channel (PSAC), recently identified with electrophysiological methods, contributes to the uptake of many small solutes.
Alec N Salt et al.
Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO, 13(6), 771-783 (2012-09-13)
Perilymph pharmacokinetics was investigated by a novel approach, in which solutions containing drug or marker were injected from a pipette sealed into the perilymphatic space of the lateral semi-circular canal (LSCC). The cochlear aqueduct provides the outlet for fluid flow
Anthony A Mikulec et al.
Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology, 30(2), 131-138 (2009-01-31)
Drugs applied to the middle ear enter perilymph through the bony otic capsule. Drugs applied intratympanically in humans are thought to enter the cochlea primarily through the round window membrane (RWM). Local drug treatments of the ear are commonly evaluated
Kanchanavadee Amphaisri et al.
Journal of chromatography. A, 1218(7), 972-980 (2011-01-11)
On-site verification of the chemical weapon convention (CWC) requires provision for the detection and identification of alkyl phosphonic acids as well as some organic acids that are amenable to GC-MS only after derivatisation. Various derivatisation methods have been used for
Alec N Salt et al.
Hearing research, 232(1-2), 78-86 (2007-07-31)
Local delivery of drugs to the inner ear is increasingly being used in both clinical and experimental studies. Although direct injection of drugs into perilymph appears to be the most promising way of administering drugs quantitatively, no studies have yet
Jeffrey T Auletta et al.
Chemico-biological interactions, 187(1-3), 135-141 (2010-05-25)
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) contains a narrow and deep active site gorge with two sites of ligand binding, an acylation site (or A-site) at the base of the gorge and a peripheral site (or P-site) near the gorge entrance. The P-site contributes
R W Gullick et al.
Environmental science & technology, 35(7), 1523-1530 (2001-05-12)
A natural shale and four synthetic organoclays were compared as potential sorbent additives to containment barriers at hazardous waste sites. Trimethylphenyl ammonium bentonite (TMPA-bent) was shown in batch experiments to have the greatest sorption capacities for 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, trichloroethylene, and methyl
D Monnaie et al.
Biochemistry, 39(18), 5349-5354 (2000-05-23)
In the process of characterizing the Na(+)-binding properties of factor Xa, a specific inhibition of this enzyme by quaternary amines was identified, consistent with previous observations. The binding occurs with K(i) in the low millimolar range, with trimethylphenylammonium (TMPA) showing
Neera Singh
Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B, Pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural wastes, 41(1), 17-29 (2006-01-06)
The study aims to prepare the organoclay complexes of metolachlor and metribuzin so as to reduce their downward mobility in soil profile. The organoclays were preadsorbed with phenyltrimethylammonium (PTMA) (50% of cation exchange capacity [CEC]) and hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA) (100% of
Alec N Salt et al.
Hearing research, 182(1-2), 24-33 (2003-09-02)
Our understanding of the perilymph kinetics of drugs depends largely on data obtained by the analysis of perilymph samples. Although a number of studies have demonstrated qualitatively that perilymph samples may be contaminated by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and some investigations
Alec N Salt et al.
Hearing research, 283(1-2), 14-23 (2011-12-20)
It has been widely believed that drug entry from the middle ear into perilymph occurs primarily via the round window (RW) membrane. Entry into scala vestibuli (SV) was thought to be dominated by local, inter-scala communication between scala tympani (ST)
Lazar M Kaluđerović et al.
Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B, Pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural wastes, 53(8), 503-509 (2018-05-01)
The results presented in this paper show an impact of the concentration of the aromatic organic cation on the adsorption of acetochlor on the surface of the organic-modified montmorillonite. Natural montmorillonite from Bogovina (Boljevac municipality, Serbia) was used for organic
Jeanne Sirovatka Dorweiler et al.
Biochemistry, 42(49), 14653-14662 (2003-12-10)
Cobalamin-dependent methionine synthase (MetH) catalyzes the transfer of methyl groups between methyltetrahydrofolate (CH(3)-H(4)folate) and homocysteine, with the enzyme-bound cobalamin serving as an intermediary in the methyl transfers. An MetH fragment comprising residues 2-649 contains modules that bind and activate CH(3)-H(4)folate
Marek Majdan et al.
Journal of environmental management, 91(1), 195-205 (2009-09-01)
The comparison of phenol sorption on phenyltrimethylammonium (PTMA)- and benzyltrimethylammonium (BTMA)-bentonite shows a clear difference as far as phenol sorption isotherms are concerned. For PTMA-bentonite the sorption isotherm is of a straight-line character which results from simple partitioning of phenol
A Ranz et al.
Journal of biochemical and biophysical methods, 69(1-2), 3-14 (2006-03-28)
In the present study, a derivatization method for the determination of acidic herbicides has been investigated. This procedure involves the methylation with the quaternary ammonium salt trimethylanilinium hydroxide (TMAH) directly in the gas chromatographic auto-sampler vial for analysis by gas
Timothy J Jensen et al.
Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology, 100(2), 100-111 (2010-06-19)
Five cationic porphyrins bearing one to four -N(CH(3))(3)(+) groups linked to the p-phenyl positions of 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) were synthesized in order to study the effect of overall charge and its distribution on the cellular uptake, phototoxicity and intracellular localization using
Robert Mynatt et al.
Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO, 7(2), 182-193 (2006-05-24)
Local applications of drugs to the inner ear are increasingly being used to treat patients' inner ear disorders. Knowledge of the pharmacokinetics of drugs in the inner ear fluids is essential for a scientific basis for such treatments. When auditory
Alec N Salt
Advances in oto-rhino-laryngology, 59, 140-148 (2002-03-12)
The inner ear fluids are remarkably 'unstirred' so that it cannot be assumed that applied drugs are dispersed throughout the fluid spaces. Calculation of the effective concentrations achieved when drugs are applied directly to the inner ear is made possible
Jorge A Ramírez-Gómez et al.
Polymers, 11(4) (2019-04-24)
Atrazine (ATZ) is an herbicide which is applied to the soil, and its mechanism of action involves the inhibition of photosynthesis. One of its main functions is to control the appearance of weeds in crops, primarily in corn, sorghum, sugar
Werner J Geldenhuys et al.
Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 20(16), 4870-4877 (2010-07-20)
The high affinity neuronal choline transporter (CHT1) is responsible for the uptake of choline into the pre-synaptic terminal of cholinergic neurons. Considering our past experience with modeling the blood-brain barrier choline transporter (BBBCHT) as drug delivery vector to the CNS
Cláudia Margalho et al.
Journal of analytical toxicology, 29(5), 309-313 (2005-08-18)
A simple and rapid method was validated to determine furosemide in whole blood. The experimental work was performed so that all validation parameters are considered simultaneously in a one-day assay protocol. A solid-phase extraction procedure using BondElut-LRC Certify columns was
Anthony A Mikulec et al.
Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology, 29(7), 1020-1026 (2008-09-02)
Intratympanic drug delivery has become widely used in the clinic, but little is known regarding how clinically used drug preparations affect round window membrane (RWM) permeability or how much drug is actually delivered to the cochlea. This study evaluated the
A N Salt et al.
Hearing research, 154(1-2), 88-97 (2001-06-26)
The administration of drugs to the inner ear via the round window membrane is becoming more widely used for both clinical and experimental purposes. The actual drug levels achieved in different regions of the inner ear by this method have
Vincenzo Rispoli et al.
Neuroscience letters, 356(3), 199-202 (2004-03-24)
The effects of two choline pivaloyl esters, [2-(2,2-dimethylpropionyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium iodide (1) and [2-(2,2-dimethylpropionyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium 2,2-dimethylpropionate (2), on learning and memory impairments induced in rats by scopolamine or lesions of nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) have been evaluated by object recognition and Morris water
Zuzana Kadlecová et al.
Journal of chromatography. A, 1625, 461301-461301 (2020-07-28)
In this work we utilized basic and acidic analytes to investigate the ionic interaction participation in retention behavior of selected reversed-phase and polar columns. The test analytes included nitrate, benzenesulfonate and trimethylphenylammonium ions. The fully aqueous mobile phase comprising 10 mM
Xiaoyu Gong et al.
Carbohydrate polymers, 169, 295-303 (2017-05-16)
Cellulose nanocrystals are hydrophilic nanomaterials, which limits their applications as interfacial compounds. Herein, we propose using modified wood-based cellulose nanocrystals as Pickering emulsion stabilizer. Wood cellulose was consecutively oxidized and modified with phenyltrimethylammonium chloride to create hydrophobic domains comprised of
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