Synergistic Effect of Diacylglycerol and Vitamin D in Ameliorating Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis in Rats.

Vitamin D (VD) has the function of antibacteria and protect intestinal mucosa. Diacylglycerol has the property of dissolving VD, anti-bacterial, and antioxidant effects. The purpose of this study was to explore the potentially synergistic effects of diacylglycerol and VD in ameliorating dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in rats. A 2 × 3 factorial design was used in this experiment, consisting of two levels of VD (2.5 and 5 μg/day) crossed with three levels of duck oil diacylglycerol (0.5, 1, and 2 mL/day). The experiment lasted for 2 weeks. Compared with the colitis group, the physiological indexes were altered in colitis rats treated with diacylglycerol and VD, the concentrations of the pro-inflammatory indices were significantly reduced, the antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly increased, the diversity of caecal microflora was significantly increased. Besides, the expression of PPARγ was up-regulated while the expression of NF-κBp65 was downregulated. The changes of all those measures were toward those in the Healthy Control, and the mostly appropriate combination was 1 mL/day of diacylglycerol plus 2.5 μg/day VD.