The SeqPlex DNA Amplification Kit (SEQXE) for whole genome amplification (WGA) is designed to facilitate next-generation sequencing (NGS) from extremely small quantities or from degraded/highly fragmented DNA. The yields from chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) or formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples (FFPE) are often less than required for successful NGS library preparation. The SeqPlex kit allows the user to pre-amplify these and other small quantity/highly fragmented DNA samples for input into a NGS workflow.
The SeqPlex process is comprised of three steps: pre-amplification, amplification and primer removal. See SeqPlex Process Workflow chart below.
In the first step, Pre-Amplification, the DNA is replicated using primers composed of a semi-degenerate 3’-end and a universal 5’-end. As polymerization proceeds, displaced single strands serve as new templates for additional primer annealing and extension. The Pre-Amplification product is composed of random, overlapping amplicons which are flanked by a universal end sequence.
In the second step, Amplification, the product of Pre-Amplification is amplified by single primer PCR via the universal end sequence. The product of SeqPlex amplification ranges from 200 to 500 base pairs. Amplicons from ChIP and/or degraded DNA, such as FFPE, are typically shorter and dependent upon length of the starting DNA.
The third step, Primer Removal, removes the primer and semi-degenerate sequences from the amplicon pool making SeqPlex DNA ready to enter a NGS workflow.
All components should be stored at –20 °C. When thawed for use, components should be kept on ice. Dissolve any precipitate in these solutions by briefly heating at 37 °C, with thorough mixing. Stability of the Library Preparation Enzyme and Primer Removal Enzyme will be affected if stored above –20 °C or allowed to remain for long periods at temperatures over 4 °C
The following procedure has been used successfully to amplify and sequence 100 pg of ChIP-isolated DNA and 100 pg of fragmented genomic DNA. Damaged DNA, such as that isolated from FFPE tissues, may require 5- to 10-fold more input DNA, depending on the degree of damage. Reactions can be scaled up or down to accommodate preparation of needed quantities of amplified DNA.
Note: Final yield after amplification and primer removal varies significantly depending upon the quality of starting DNA. In most cases, 1 to 2 μg can be expected. Perform multiple reactions for larger quantities.
Note: This procedure was developed using the specific reagents provided with, or recommended for use with, this kit. Substitutions may result in suboptimal results.
*For the best representation, real-time PCR with addition of SYBRGreen I to the amplification reaction is strongly recommended to enable monitoring of the reaction progress. SYBRGreen I (S9430) must be diluted 1,000-fold (1/1000) and 1µl used per 75 µl SeqPlex amplification reaction to avoid inhibiting the amplification reaction. SYBRGreen formulations other than S9430 have not been tested and are not recommended.
Optimal results are achieved by proceeding at least 2–3 cycles after the start of the amplification “plateau”, as indicated on Figure 1. The optimal number of amplification cycles varies with starting DNA template quantity and quality.
If amplification is performed without adding SYBRGreen I, 18 to 24 cycles usually gives good results with 0.1-1.0 ng of high quality DNA. Low quality DNA may require higher input quantities and/or more cycles. If input amounts are near
10 pg, as many as 29 cycles may be required to reach amplification plateau.
Note: If more than 29 cycles are required to achieve plateau, subsequent NGS results may be unsatisfactory. Consult the Troubleshooting Guide.
10. Mix thoroughly and cycle in a real-time thermal cycler as follows:
Initial Denaturation: 94 °C for 2 minutes
Cycle until 2-3 cycles into plateau:
94 °C Denature for 15 seconds
70 °C Anneal/Extend for 5 minutes
(read fluorescence)
After cycling:
70 °C for 30 minutes
4 °C Hold
Note: The extended incubation at 70°C after cycling is absolutely essential for efficient primer removal.
Reactions may be purified immediately or stored at –20 °C until purification.
11. Purify using GenElute PCR Clean-Up Kit (NA1020). Elute in 50 µL nuclease-free water.
12. Determine the purified DNA’s concentration by measuring the absorbance at 260nm. One A260 unit is equivalent to 50ng/µL DNA. Yield at this point will vary depending on the quality of starting DNA, but is usually 1-5 µg.
Note: Alternative measurement techniques, such as PicoGreen®, will often underestimate the actual SeqPlex DNA yield.
At this point, the SeqPlex DNA is suitable for qPCR and microarrays. SeqPlex primer removal is recommended for deep sequencing.
Optional: Amplification quality may be assessed by gel or capillary electrophoresis. Typically, 1mL of crude or purified amplification product is sufficient for capillary chips, such as those for Agilent’s Bioanalyzer, while 5 mL is usually sufficient for agarose gel electrophoresis.
Caution—Experienced GenomePlex WGA users:
SeqPlex Enhanced (SEQXE) Primer Removal reagents will not work on DNA amplified with previous generations of SeqPlex (SEQX) or GenomePlex (WGA1-5).
A reaction input of 2.1 μg is recommended to yield sufficient product for entering most deep sequencing workflows (>1μg).
13. Combine the following on ice:
8.0 µL - 10x Primer Removal Buffer (SR401)
1.6 µL - Primer Removal Solution (SR400)
X µL – 2.1 μg of purified SeqPlex DNA
Y µL - of Water (W4502)
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76.25 µL Total reaction volume
14. Mix, and if performing the Optional Primer Removal Assay (see Appendix 1 below), remove 5 mL into a separate tube for “without primer removal enzyme” control.
15. Add 3.75 µL - Primer Removal Enzyme (SR402) to the remaining 71.25 µL from step 13.
16. Incubate both ± enzyme reactions as follows:
37 °C for 60 minutes
65 °C for 20 minutes
4 °C Hold
17. Remove reactions from the thermocycler, centrifuge briefly, and mix. Reactions may be stored at –20 °C for up to three days or purified immediately.
18. If performing the Optional Primer Removal Assay, remove and save 5 µL from the “with primer removal enzyme” reaction (see Appendix 1 below) prior to purification.
19. Purify the remaining reaction with primer removal enzyme using the GenElute PCR Clean-up Kit as described previously in step 10.
The SeqPlex DNA is now ready to enter Next-Generation Sequencing work flows, including end preparation, but generally does not require fragmentation or size selection. The bulk of SeqPlex DNA ranges from 200 to 500 base pairs. Though typically unnecessary, additional fragmentation can be accomplished mechanically or enzymatically.
Each SeqPlex amplicon terminus will have a 5’-phosphate and a 2-base 3’-over-hang after primer removal. Prior to ligation of sequencing primers, polish double-stranded fragment ends with T4 polymerase.
Any SeqPlex amplicons retaining primer after primer removal treatment will have a 5’-hydroxyl. T4 DNA kinase treatment is not required, and its omission will reduce ligation of sequencing primers to any residual undigested SeqPlex product.
The 3’-adenylation in Illumina’s workflow largely prevents ligation products, such as chimeras, from occurring. Chimeras have been reported with Roche 454 library preparation and sequencing. For ABI SoLID sequencing, a second sizing step prior to sequencing may help to reduce chimeras or concatemers.
This kit has been demonstrated to amplify ChIP DNA samples and whole genomic fragmented DNA templates. Note that a specific sequence within a highly complex DNA sample, such as ChIP input DNA, may not amplify to the same extent as that same sequence within a less complex DNA sample, such as ChIPed DNA. Therefore, representation levels are best compared between samples of similar complexity, such as ChIPed DNA from treated and untreated cells or tumor and normal tissue.
SeqPlex DNA has been successfully prepared for sequencing on Illumina’s GAIIx and MiSeq using standard Illumina workflow protocols including: end preparation, polishing, amplification and size selection.
We strongly recommend confirming the quality of SeqPlex DNA after primer removal by performing PCR with primers to short (<300bp) DNA sequences known to be present in the starting DNA before submitting samples for next generation sequencing.
Note: PCR products or primers containing the sequence 5’-CTGAAG-3’ or 5’-CTTCAG-3’ are not expected to amplify after primer removal.
Example of PCR product that WILL NOT amplify after primer removal:
The presence of specific targets within SeqPlex DNA may also be confirmed by PCR or microarray before or after primer removal.
The stability of the SeqPlex DNA is equivalent to genomic DNA stored under identical conditions.
Optional: Primer Removal Assay
The efficiency of primer removal can be assessed by performing qPCR using the 5X Amplification Mix (A5112), DNA Polymerase for SeqPlex (SP300), and the 5 µL retained samples from steps 18 &14 above for “with” and “without primer removal enzyme”. Sufficient 5X Amplification Mix and DNA Polymerase is provided to perform one Primer Removal Assay, “with” and “without primer removal enzyme”, for each amplification reaction.
A Ct/Cq for the “with” Primer Removal Enzyme reaction that is at least 4 cycles greater than that for the “without” enzyme reaction indicates successful primer removal.
Troubleshooting Guide |
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GenomePlex and Transplex are registered trademarks of Rubicon Genomics, Inc.
PicoGreen is a registered trademark of Molecular Probes, Inc.
SYBR is a registered trademark of Molecular Probes, Inc.
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