1,3-propanediol cyclic sulfate, abbreviated PCS, is a white solid at room temperature. PCS is soluble in water, carbonates, glymes, and many of the polar solvents used in battery liquid electrolytes.

1,3-propanediol cyclic sulfate is used as a film-forming additive in battery liquid electrolytes and hybrid liquid-solid electrolytes, at concentrations up to 3%. During battery operation, 1,3-propanediol cyclic sulfate (PCS) is sacrificially reduced on the surface of the anode to form a protective and ionically conductive SEI layer and is sacrificially oxidized on the cathode to form a protective and ionically conductive CEI layer. Recent results show PCS helps form a sulfur-rich layer on graphite, NMC, LiCoO₂, and LiMNO electrodes. These layers significantly improve the battery’s cycling performance at high temperatures and inhibits the production of gas.[] Our battery grade PCS meets specifications for high purity, low moisture, and low acid content to facilitate optimal performance of your electrolyte formulation.