Toluene, a benzene analog, is widely employed as an organic solvent. It has been reported to be a biotoxic solvent (toxic to many microorganisms at 0.1%v/v concentrations). Its anaerobic biodegradation to CO₂, by the denitrifying bacterium Thauera arornatica has been reported. It forms syndiotactic polystyrene-toluene molecular compound. Crystal structure of this molecular compound has been investigated by X-ray diffraction studies.

Toluene may be used in the following studies:

• As a doping agent during the quantitative estimation of triacylglycerols (TAGs) by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure photoionization-mass spectrometry (LC-APPIMS). It has been reported to improve the sensitivity of analysis.
• For the decontamination of microbial cultures and lyse bacterial cells in bacterial enzyme assays.
• As a solvent for the preparation of 4-arm polylactide-based (PLA) star oligomer.

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