This certified reference material (CRM) is produced and certified in accordance with ISO/IEC 17025 and ISO 17034. This CRM is traceable to primary material from an NMI, e.g. NIST or NMIJ. Certified content by quantitative NMR incl. uncertainty and expiry date are given on the certificate. Download your certificate at: http://www.sigma-aldrich.com.

Spirodiclofen is a selective, non-systemic acaricide belonging to the new family of spirocyclic tetronic acids (keto-enols). It is highly active against spider mites, such as Panonychus, Tetranychus, Phyllocoptruta, Brevipalpus, and Aculus species in citrus, pome fruits, grapes, and nuts. Spirodiclofen targets lipid biosynthesis by inhibiting acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) and it effectively controls the population of mites resistant to other acaricides.

Spirodiclofen has to be monitored in the Multiannual Control Programmes for Pesticides Residues (MACP), run within the EU and EFTA in/on products of plant origin. Maximum residue levels (MRLs) have been set according to Reg (EG) No 2016/1902 for spirodiclofen for various products of plant and animal origin from 0.004 to 2 mg/kg.

Spirodiclofen was initially included in Annex I to Directive 91/414/EEC on 1 August 2010 and is approved under Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009, following Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 540/2011. However, after its approval expired on 31 July 2020, Spirodiclofen is no longer approved in the European Union (EU) but is authorized in third countries for use on citrus fruits that might be fed to livestock.

It is intended to be used as a certified reference material (CRM) for calibration in chromatography and other analytical techniques. Spirodiclofen CRM may also find its use as follows:

• Study the molecular mechanisms of spirodiclofen resistance using two highly resistant Tetranychus urticae strains with different genetic backgrounds
• To evaluate the sublethal effects of spirodiclofen, abamectin, and pyridaben on life-history traits and life-table parameters of two-spotted spider mites, Tetranychus urticae
• To evaluate the effect of a combination of spirodiclofen with other insecticides for the control of Brevipalpus yothersi in citrus
• Investigate the effects of salicylic acid treatment of tomato plants on the susceptibility of Tetranychus urticae to spirodiclofen, the activities of mite digestive enzymes, and its energy reserves
• Simultaneous determination of spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, and spirotetramat and their metabolites in edible fungi using a modified QuEChERS procedure and UHPLC-MS/MS

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