Gel electrophoresis

Prior to probing a membrane using precious antibodies, it is helpful to visualize the transferred proteins on the blot to ensure complete transfer and even loading. This page describes possible causes and potential remedies for challenges encountered during protein visualization.

Reproducibility with Biological Buffers

Biological buffers are organic substances that maintain a constant pH over a given range by neutralizing the effects of hydrogen ions.

Sample Preparation & Gel Electrophoresis Troubleshooting

The possible causes and potential remedies for challenges encountered during preparation of samples for SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) and optimizing electrophoresis conditions.

Auto2D® Automated 2-D Gel Electrophoresis Device

The Auto2D® 2-D Electrophoresis Device fully automates difficult 2D electrophoresis methods in a quick, easy, and reproducible way. Locate difficult-to-find proteins using the Auto2D® system in less than two hours with high reproducibility.

Fluorescent Multiplex Detection using Antibody Atto Dye Conjugates

Immunoblotting (Western blot transfer) is a common technique in modern proteomics research.

Precipitation Procedures

This page describes protein precipitation as an optional step in sample preparation for 2-D electrophoresis with Cytiva products.

Performing a Purity and Homogeneity Check

This page shows how to perform a purification and homogeneity check of membrane proteins with products from Cytiva.

Components of Rehydration Solution

This page describes components of rehydration solutions for use in 2-D Electrophoresis with Cytiva products.

Selecting DNA, RNA, and PCR Fragment Markers and Ladders for Gel Electrophoresis

Choose the appropriate markers and ladders for nucleic acid size determination of samples separated by electrophoresis. Determine size of DNA, RNA and PCR-generated fragments using agarose or polyacrylamide gels.

Restriction Endonucleases - The Molecular Scissors

The term “Restriction enzyme” originated from the studies of Enterobacteria phage λ (lambda phage) in the laboratories of Werner Arber and Matthew Meselson.

Bis Tris Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis Technology

Bis-Tris gels and buffers for superior protein resolution compared to traditional tris-glycine gels.

mPAGE® Lux Casting System for SDS-PAGE Gels

Discover the mPAGE® Lux Casting System for ready-to-use SDS-PAGE gels in 3 minutes. Fresh SDS-PAGE gels that are ready when you need them.

Troubleshooting 2-D DIGE Results

This troubleshooting table lists problems that may be encountered in two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D DIGE) results, including possible causes and methods to prevent future problems.

Electrophoresis Protein Staining Reagents Selection Guide

To meet the great diversity of protein analysis needs, Sigma offers a wide selection of protein visualization (staining) reagents. EZBlue™ and ProteoSilver™, designed specifically for proteomics, also perform impressively in traditional PAGE formats.