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Sophie L Stocker et al.
The Journal of rheumatology, 38(5), 904-910 (2011-02-03)
To investigate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between probenecid and oxypurinol (the active metabolite of allopurinol) in patients with gout. This was an open-label observational clinical study. Blood and urine samples were collected to measure oxypurinol and urate concentrations. We
Guyue Cheng et al.
PloS one, 10(8), e0136450-e0136450 (2015-08-22)
Quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxides (QdNOs) are widely known as potent antibacterial agents, but their antibacterial mechanisms are incompletely understood. In this study, the transcriptomic and proteomic profiles of Escherichia coli exposed to QdNOs were integratively investigated, and the results demonstrated that QdNOs
Oxidative and nitrosative stress in acute pancreatitis. Modulation by pentoxifylline and oxypurinol.
Javier Escobar et al.
Biochemical pharmacology, 83(1), 122-130 (2011-10-18)
Reactive oxygen species are considered mediators of the inflammatory response and tissue damage in acute pancreatitis. We previously found that the combined treatment with oxypurinol - as inhibitor of xanthine oxidase- and pentoxifylline - as inhibitor of TNF-α production-restrained local
Rodrigo G Ducati et al.
Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 18(13), 4769-4774 (2010-06-24)
This work describes for the first time the structure of purine nucleoside phosphorylase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MtPNP) in complex with sulfate and its natural substrate, 2'-deoxyguanosine, and its application to virtual screening. We report docking studies of a set of
Sophie L Stocker et al.
Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences, 878(25), 2363-2368 (2010-08-13)
Oxypurinol is the active metabolite of allopurinol which is used to treat hyperuricaemia associated with gout. Both oxypurinol and allopurinol inhibit xanthine oxidase which forms uric acid from xanthine and hypoxanthine. Plasma oxypurinol concentrations vary substantially between individuals and the
Lisa K Stamp et al.
Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 53(11), 1958-1965 (2014-06-06)
The aims of this study were to establish whether, in patients with gout, MPO is released from neutrophils and urate is oxidized to allantoin and if these effects are attenuated by allopurinol. MPO, urate, allantoin and oxypurinol were measured in
Adenosine causes read-through into the late region of the HPV16 genome in a guanosine-dependent manner
Yu H, et al.
Virology, 521(9), 1-19 (2018)
Ji-Youn Youn et al.
Clinical science (London, England : 1979), 123(8), 509-518 (2012-05-10)
Oestrogen protects cardiovascular health partially via an up-regulation of NO• (NO radical) production. Its synthetic analogue DES (diethylstilbestrol), used as a potent androgen deprivation therapy for patients with prostate cancer, is however associated with high incidence of thromboembolic events. Exposure
Jochen Springer et al.
International journal of cancer, 131(9), 2187-2196 (2012-02-18)
Cachexia is a common co-morbidity in cancer occurring in up to 80% of patients depending on the type of cancer. Uric acid (UA), the end-product of the purine metabolism, is elevated in cachexia due to tissue wasting and upregulated xanthine
Nahidh W Hasaniya et al.
Vascular and endovascular surgery, 45(7), 581-591 (2011-10-11)
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Oxygen-free radicals (OFRs) produced during ischemia and reperfusion (IR) have been implicated as the final common pathway in the pathogenesis of this syndrome. Spin traps have been
M P Keith et al.
Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 90(3), 363-364 (2011-08-25)
Urate-lowering therapy (ULT), adjusted to achieve and maintain a serum uric acid (SUA) of <6 mg/dl, remains the standard of care for the chronic management of gout. New urate-lowering medications are important options; however, these agents should be reserved for patients
Joyee Mitra et al.
Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003), 42(9), 3050-3058 (2013-01-10)
Synthesis of two complexes, [NBu(n)(4)][Mo(IV)O(mnt)(S-Tol)(N-N)] (N-N = 2,2'-bipyridine (1a) or 1,10-phenanthroline (1b); mnt = maleonitriledithiolate; S-Tol = toluenethiol) are reported. These on treatment with H(2)S generate the corresponding [NBu(n)(4)][Mo(IV)O(mnt)(SH)(N-N)] (2a and 2b) complexes bearing the susceptible hydrosulfide coordination. 2a (and
L K Stamp et al.
Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 90(3), 392-398 (2011-07-29)
The treatment of gout requires a lowering of serum urate (SU) levels, and allopurinol is the drug that is most commonly used for this purpose. The objectives of this study were to define the relationships between allopurinol dose on the
Jan B Derks et al.
Pediatric research, 68(5), 374-380 (2010-07-09)
In complicated labor, neonatal outcome may depend not only on the extent of fetal asphyxia and acidosis but also on the effects on the fetal cardiovascular system of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during the ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) associated with repeated
Sunbal N Bhatti et al.
Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 528(3), 506-513 (2020-06-09)
A Nox2 containing NADPH oxidase (Nox2) is involved in the global oxidative stress found in dietary obesity and metabolic disorders. However, the effects of high fat diet (HFD) on cardiac Nox2 activation and signaling in left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) remain
Gahininath Y Bharate et al.
Journal of drug targeting, 19(10), 954-966 (2011-11-15)
Xanthine oxidase (XO) is the major source of superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) that is associated with various reactive oxygen species (ROS) related diseases. 4-amino-6-hydroxypyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (AHPP) is a potent XO inhibitor discovered in Maeda's laboratory, which is now being developed for the
Vanessa C Vaughan et al.
PloS one, 7(9), e45900-e45900 (2012-10-03)
Cancer cachexia is a wasting condition, driven by systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. This study investigated eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in combination with oxypurinol as a treatment in a mouse model of cancer cachexia. Mice with cancer cachexia were randomized into
Paolo Puddu et al.
Journal of cardiology, 59(3), 235-242 (2012-03-09)
Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism. Its immediate precursor, xanthine, is converted to uric acid by an enzymatic reaction involving xanthine oxidoreductase. Uric acid has been formerly considered a major antioxidant in human plasma with possible beneficial
Tahirah Tyrell et al.
The Journal of family practice, 62(9), E1-E5 (2013-10-02)
A taste disturbance and anorexia accompanied his other symptoms. How would you proceed?
Hongmei Yu et al.
Experimental cell research, 333(1), 127-135 (2015-02-24)
Mucus hypersecretion is the key manifestation in patients with chronic inflammatory airway diseases and mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) is a major component of airway mucus. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-9, have been found to be involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory airway diseases.
M C Gomez-Cabrera et al.
American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology, 298(1), R2-R8 (2009-10-16)
Skeletal muscle contractions increase superoxide anion in skeletal muscle extracellular space. We tested the hypotheses that 1) after an isometric contraction protocol, xanthine oxidase (XO) activity is a source of superoxide anion in the extracellular space of skeletal muscle and
Drugs in R&D, 5(3), 171-175 (2004-05-14)
Oxipurinol [alloxanthine, Oxyprim, oxypurinol] is the active metabolite of the only commercially available xanthine oxidase inhibitor, allopurinol. Oxipurinol is also a xanthine oxidase inhibitor. Oxipurinol is currently being developed by Cardiome Pharma. It is waiting for approval in the US
Go Suzuki et al.
Neurologia medico-chirurgica, 55(1), 77-85 (2015-03-07)
Global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) often result in high mortality. Free radicals play an important role in global cerebral I/R. Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) inhibitors, such as allopurinol, have been reported to protect tissues from damage caused by reactive oxygen
Xanthine dehydrogenase downregulation promotes TGF beta signaling and cancer stem cell-related gene expression in hepatocellular carcinoma
Chen GL, et al.
Oncogenesis, 6(9), e382-e382 (2017)
Umair Z Malik et al.
Free radical biology & medicine, 51(1), 179-184 (2011-05-11)
Xanthine oxidase (XO) is a critical source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that contribute to vascular inflammation. Binding of XO to vascular endothelial cell glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) results in significant resistance to inhibition by traditional pyrazolopyrimidine-based inhibitors such as allopurinol. Therefore
Bogdan Alexandru Stoica et al.
Journal of biological inorganic chemistry : JBIC : a publication of the Society of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 16(5), 753-761 (2011-04-26)
Allopurinol is a prodrug converted to oxypurinol by xanthine oxidase, a process followed by an efficient enzyme inhibition. Using a lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence method, we found that, under alkaline conditions, superoxide radicals are produced in large amounts in the first step
Kevin G Soucy et al.
Radiation research, 176(4), 474-485 (2011-07-27)
Ionizing radiation has been implicated in the development of significant cardiovascular complications. Since radiation exposure is associated with space exploration, astronauts are potentially at increased risk of accelerated cardiovascular disease. This study investigated the effect of high atomic number, high-energy
Allopurinol and oxypurinol promote osteoblast differentiation and increase bone formation
Orriss I R, et al.
Experimental Cell Research, 342(2), 166-174 (2016)
Oxypurinol, allopurinol and allopurinol-1-riboside in plasma following an acute overdose of allopurinol in a patient with advanced chronic kidney disease.
Diluk R W Kannangara et al.
British journal of clinical pharmacology, 73(5), 828-829 (2011-11-22)
Jun Fang et al.
Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.), 235(4), 487-496 (2010-04-22)
The detrimental role of superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) has been well documented in the pathogenesis of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Our and other studies suggested that one critical source of O(2)(-) generation may be xanthine oxidase (XO). We thus hypothesized that I/R
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