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O6881
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Gahininath Y Bharate et al.
Journal of drug targeting, 19(10), 954-966 (2011-11-15)
Xanthine oxidase (XO) is the major source of superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) that is associated with various reactive oxygen species (ROS) related diseases. 4-amino-6-hydroxypyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (AHPP) is a potent XO inhibitor discovered in Maeda's laboratory, which is now being developed for the
Paolo Puddu et al.
Journal of cardiology, 59(3), 235-242 (2012-03-09)
Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism. Its immediate precursor, xanthine, is converted to uric acid by an enzymatic reaction involving xanthine oxidoreductase. Uric acid has been formerly considered a major antioxidant in human plasma with possible beneficial
Tahirah Tyrell et al.
The Journal of family practice, 62(9), E1-E5 (2013-10-02)
A taste disturbance and anorexia accompanied his other symptoms. How would you proceed?
M C Gomez-Cabrera et al.
American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology, 298(1), R2-R8 (2009-10-16)
Skeletal muscle contractions increase superoxide anion in skeletal muscle extracellular space. We tested the hypotheses that 1) after an isometric contraction protocol, xanthine oxidase (XO) activity is a source of superoxide anion in the extracellular space of skeletal muscle and
Lisa K Stamp et al.
Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 53(11), 1958-1965 (2014-06-06)
The aims of this study were to establish whether, in patients with gout, MPO is released from neutrophils and urate is oxidized to allantoin and if these effects are attenuated by allopurinol. MPO, urate, allantoin and oxypurinol were measured in
Jan B Derks et al.
Pediatric research, 68(5), 374-380 (2010-07-09)
In complicated labor, neonatal outcome may depend not only on the extent of fetal asphyxia and acidosis but also on the effects on the fetal cardiovascular system of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during the ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) associated with repeated
Vanessa C Vaughan et al.
PloS one, 7(9), e45900-e45900 (2012-10-03)
Cancer cachexia is a wasting condition, driven by systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. This study investigated eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in combination with oxypurinol as a treatment in a mouse model of cancer cachexia. Mice with cancer cachexia were randomized into
Sunbal N Bhatti et al.
Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 528(3), 506-513 (2020-06-09)
A Nox2 containing NADPH oxidase (Nox2) is involved in the global oxidative stress found in dietary obesity and metabolic disorders. However, the effects of high fat diet (HFD) on cardiac Nox2 activation and signaling in left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) remain
Hongmei Yu et al.
Experimental cell research, 333(1), 127-135 (2015-02-24)
Mucus hypersecretion is the key manifestation in patients with chronic inflammatory airway diseases and mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) is a major component of airway mucus. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-9, have been found to be involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory airway diseases.
M P Keith et al.
Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 90(3), 363-364 (2011-08-25)
Urate-lowering therapy (ULT), adjusted to achieve and maintain a serum uric acid (SUA) of <6 mg/dl, remains the standard of care for the chronic management of gout. New urate-lowering medications are important options; however, these agents should be reserved for patients
Joyee Mitra et al.
Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003), 42(9), 3050-3058 (2013-01-10)
Synthesis of two complexes, [NBu(n)(4)][Mo(IV)O(mnt)(S-Tol)(N-N)] (N-N = 2,2'-bipyridine (1a) or 1,10-phenanthroline (1b); mnt = maleonitriledithiolate; S-Tol = toluenethiol) are reported. These on treatment with H(2)S generate the corresponding [NBu(n)(4)][Mo(IV)O(mnt)(SH)(N-N)] (2a and 2b) complexes bearing the susceptible hydrosulfide coordination. 2a (and
L K Stamp et al.
Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 90(3), 392-398 (2011-07-29)
The treatment of gout requires a lowering of serum urate (SU) levels, and allopurinol is the drug that is most commonly used for this purpose. The objectives of this study were to define the relationships between allopurinol dose on the
Adenosine causes read-through into the late region of the HPV16 genome in a guanosine-dependent manner
Yu H, et al.
Virology, 521(9), 1-19 (2018)
Sophie L Stocker et al.
Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences, 878(25), 2363-2368 (2010-08-13)
Oxypurinol is the active metabolite of allopurinol which is used to treat hyperuricaemia associated with gout. Both oxypurinol and allopurinol inhibit xanthine oxidase which forms uric acid from xanthine and hypoxanthine. Plasma oxypurinol concentrations vary substantially between individuals and the
Sophie L Stocker et al.
The Journal of rheumatology, 38(5), 904-910 (2011-02-03)
To investigate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between probenecid and oxypurinol (the active metabolite of allopurinol) in patients with gout. This was an open-label observational clinical study. Blood and urine samples were collected to measure oxypurinol and urate concentrations. We
Guyue Cheng et al.
PloS one, 10(8), e0136450-e0136450 (2015-08-22)
Quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxides (QdNOs) are widely known as potent antibacterial agents, but their antibacterial mechanisms are incompletely understood. In this study, the transcriptomic and proteomic profiles of Escherichia coli exposed to QdNOs were integratively investigated, and the results demonstrated that QdNOs
Nahidh W Hasaniya et al.
Vascular and endovascular surgery, 45(7), 581-591 (2011-10-11)
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Oxygen-free radicals (OFRs) produced during ischemia and reperfusion (IR) have been implicated as the final common pathway in the pathogenesis of this syndrome. Spin traps have been
Ji-Youn Youn et al.
Clinical science (London, England : 1979), 123(8), 509-518 (2012-05-10)
Oestrogen protects cardiovascular health partially via an up-regulation of NO• (NO radical) production. Its synthetic analogue DES (diethylstilbestrol), used as a potent androgen deprivation therapy for patients with prostate cancer, is however associated with high incidence of thromboembolic events. Exposure
Jochen Springer et al.
International journal of cancer, 131(9), 2187-2196 (2012-02-18)
Cachexia is a common co-morbidity in cancer occurring in up to 80% of patients depending on the type of cancer. Uric acid (UA), the end-product of the purine metabolism, is elevated in cachexia due to tissue wasting and upregulated xanthine
Rodrigo G Ducati et al.
Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 18(13), 4769-4774 (2010-06-24)
This work describes for the first time the structure of purine nucleoside phosphorylase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MtPNP) in complex with sulfate and its natural substrate, 2'-deoxyguanosine, and its application to virtual screening. We report docking studies of a set of
Oxidative and nitrosative stress in acute pancreatitis. Modulation by pentoxifylline and oxypurinol.
Javier Escobar et al.
Biochemical pharmacology, 83(1), 122-130 (2011-10-18)
Reactive oxygen species are considered mediators of the inflammatory response and tissue damage in acute pancreatitis. We previously found that the combined treatment with oxypurinol - as inhibitor of xanthine oxidase- and pentoxifylline - as inhibitor of TNF-α production-restrained local
M Kurajoh et al.
International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 49(6), 366-370 (2011-05-27)
Although allopurinol is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, its overall effect may be due to the action of oxypurinol, a metabolite of allopurinol and another xanthine oxidase inhibitor, since the biological half-life of oxypurinol is longer than that of allopurinol. Oxypurinol
Wen-Hung Chung et al.
The Journal of investigative dermatology, 135(9), 2237-2248 (2015-05-07)
Allopurinol, a first-line drug for treating gout and hyperuricemia, is one of the leading causes of severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs). To investigate the molecular mechanism of allopurinol-induced SCAR, we enrolled 21 patients (13 Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)/toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN)
Francesco De Pascali et al.
Biochemistry, 53(22), 3679-3688 (2014-04-25)
Ischemia-reperfusion injury is accompanied by endothelial hypoxia and reoxygenation that trigger oxidative stress with enhanced superoxide generation and diminished nitric oxide (NO) production leading to endothelial dysfunction. Oxidative depletion of the endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin can trigger eNOS
C C Wen et al.
Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 97(5), 518-525 (2015-02-14)
The first-line treatment of hyperuricemia, which causes gout, is allopurinol. The allopurinol response is highly variable, with many users failing to achieve target serum uric acid (SUA) levels. No genome-wide association study (GWAS) has examined the genetic factors affecting allopurinol
James Yun et al.
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 192(7), 2984-2993 (2014-03-05)
Allopurinol (ALP) hypersensitivity is a major cause of severe cutaneous adverse reactions and is strongly associated with the HLA-B*58:01 allele. However, it can occur in the absence of this allele with identical clinical manifestations. The immune mechanism of ALP-induced severe
Denis Fourches et al.
Chemical research in toxicology, 23(1), 171-183 (2009-12-18)
Drug-induced liver injury is one of the main causes of drug attrition. The ability to predict the liver effects of drug candidates from their chemical structures is critical to help guide experimental drug discovery projects toward safer medicines. In this
Daniel Y Ng et al.
European journal of clinical pharmacology, 67(7), 709-713 (2010-12-25)
To determine whether low-dose aspirin and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) affect the renal clearance of oxypurinol and/or urate. Healthy volunteers (n = 8) were treated with allopurinol (600 mg, control), and allopurinol (600 mg) co-administered with single doses of aspirin (100 mg) or HCTZ (25 mg) or a
Lisa K Stamp et al.
Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 51(9), 1670-1676 (2012-04-28)
To determine the effects of furosemide on serum urate (SU), plasma oxypurinol and urinary urate. Twenty-three cases with gout receiving furosemide and allopurinol were recruited. Twenty-three controls with gout receiving allopurinol but no diuretics were matched on age, gender, estimated
Sophie L Stocker et al.
British journal of clinical pharmacology, 74(3), 477-489 (2012-02-04)
Our aim was to identify and quantify the sources of variability in oxypurinol pharmacokinetics and explore relationships with plasma urate concentrations. Non-linear mixed effects modelling was applied to concentration-time data from 155 gouty patients with demographic, medical history and renal
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