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Ruta graveolens Extracts and Metabolites against Spodoptera frugiperda.

Ruta graveolens Extracts and Metabolites against Spodoptera frugiperda.

Natural product communications (2016-01-12)

Benjamin A Ayil-Gutiérrez, Jesús M Villegas-Mendoza, Zuridai Santes-Hernndez, Alma D Paz-González, Maribel Mireles-Martínez, Ninfa M Rosas-García, Gildardo Rivera

ABSTRACT

The biological activity of Ruta graveolens leaf tissue extracts obtained with different solvents (ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water) and metabolites (psoralen, 2- undecanone and rutin) against Spodoptera frugiperda was evaluated. Metabolites levels in extracts were quantified by HPLC and GC. Ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts showed 94% and 78% mortality, respectively. Additionally, psoralen metabolite showed a high mortality as cypermethrin. Metabolite quantification in extracts shows the presence of 2-undecanone (87.9 µmoles mg(-1) DW), psoralen (3.6 µmoles mg(-1) DW) and rutin (0.001 pmoles mg(-1) DW). We suggest that these concentrations of 2-undecanone and psoralen in R. graveolens leaf tissue extracts could be responsible for S. frugiperda mortality.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

Sigma-Aldrich

Psoralen, ≥99% (HPLC)

Sigma-Aldrich

Rutin hydrate, ≥94% (HPLC), powder

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethyl acetate, natural, ≥99%, FCC, FG

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethyl acetate, ≥99%, FCC, FG

Sigma-Aldrich

Dimethyl sulfoxide, ≥99.6%, ReagentPlus^®

Sigma-Aldrich

2-Undecanone, 99%

Sigma-Aldrich

8-Octanoyloxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid trisodium salt, suitable for fluorescence, ≥90% (HPCE)

Sigma-Aldrich

Dimethyl sulfoxide, anhydrous, ≥99.9%

Sigma-Aldrich

2-Undecanone, ≥98%, FCC, FG

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethyl acetate, ReagentPlus^®, ≥99.8%

Sigma-Aldrich

Dimethyl sulfoxide, BioUltra, Molecular Biology, ≥99.5% (GC)

Sigma-Aldrich

2-Undecanone, natural, FCC, FG

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethyl acetate, anhydrous, 99.8%

Sigma-Aldrich

Dimethyl sulfoxide, Molecular Biology

Sigma-Aldrich

Dimethyl sulfoxide, meets EP testing specifications, meets USP testing specifications

Sigma-Aldrich

Dimethyl sulfoxide, PCR Reagent

Sigma-Aldrich

Dimethyl sulfoxide, Hybri-Max^™, sterile-filtered, BioReagent, suitable for hybridoma, ≥99.7%

Sigma-Aldrich

Dimethyl sulfoxide, ≥99.5% (GC), suitable for plant cell culture

Sigma-Aldrich

Dimethyl sulfoxide, Vetec^™, reagent grade, 99%

Sigma-Aldrich

Dimethyl sulfoxide, sterile-filtered, BioPerformance Certified, meets EP, USP testing specifications, suitable for hybridoma

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethyl acetate, ACS reagent, ≥99.5%

Sigma-Aldrich

Dimethyl sulfoxide, ReagentPlus^®, ≥99.5%

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethyl acetate, puriss., meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur., BP, NF, ≥99.5% (GC)

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethyl acetate, ACS reagent, ≥99.5%

Sigma-Aldrich

Dimethyl sulfoxide, ACS reagent, ≥99.9%

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethyl acetate, biotech. grade, ≥99.8%

Sigma-Aldrich

Dimethyl sulfoxide, puriss. p.a., dried, ≤0.02% water

Sigma-Aldrich

Dimethyl sulfoxide, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, ≥99.9% (GC)

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethyl acetate, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, reag. Ph. Eur., ≥99.5% (GC)