硝基甲烷

Nitromethane (CH₃NO₂) is the simplest nitro organic compound used for a wide range of applications, including as polar solvents to racing fuel. It serves as a solvent for organic chemistry and as a valuable building block for various useful compounds like nitroalkanes, β-nitroalcohols, nitroalkenes, carbonyl compounds, amines, and heterocycles. In industry, nitromethane can be used to stabilize halogenated hydrocarbons.

Nitromethane can be used:

• As a reagent in the synthesis of 3-nitroindoles by arylation with N-(2-bromoaryl) imidates using palladium catalyst.
• As a cyanating reagent for the synthesis of thiocyanates in presence of base (KOAc) and iodine.
• In the preparation of cobalt cage complexes from polyamines and formaldehyde.
• As a solvent in the preparation of β-substituted γ-nitroaldehydes by enantioselective cross-coupling of β-arylated or γ,δ-unsaturated aldehydes using oxidizing agent DDQ (2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanoquinone) and catalyst diphenylprolinol silyl ether.

Nitromethane as high energy monopropellant exhibits

• Low toxicity.
• High specific impulse.

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