Anti-SMAD1 (Internal region) antibody produced in rabbit

Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 1 (SMAD1) belongs to receptor-activated Smads (R-SMADs) subfamily. It comprises Mad homology 1 (MH1) and nuclear localisation signal (NLS) in the N-terminus. The C-terminal region has the Mad homology 1 (MH2). SMAD1 also possesses leucine-rich nuclear export signal (NES) and a proline-tyrosine (PY) motif. SMAD1 gene is mapped to human chromosome 4q31.21.

peptide corresponding to an internal region of human SMAD1, conjugated to KLH. The corresponding sequence is identical in mouse and differs by one amino acid in rat.

Anti-SMAD1 (Internal region) antibody produced in rat may be used in:

• immunoblotting
• immunoprecipitation
• immunofluorescence

Anti-SMAD1 (internal region) recognizes human, mouse and rat SMAD1.

Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (SMADs), in general, mediate transmission of signals from the transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) to the nucleus, and thus regulate multiple cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. SMAD1 is involved in mediating the signals of the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) and undergoes activation post phosphorylation by BMP receptor kinase. The phosphorylated form of SMAD1 forms a complex with SMAD4, which is important for its function in transcription regulation. SMAD1 is a target for SMAD-specific E3 ubiquitin ligases, such as Smad ubiquitin regulatory factor 1 (SMURF1 and SMURF2) and undergoes ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation. SMAD1 is an oncogene, which favors cancer cell growth and invasion, especially in glioma. It is a potential biomarker in diabetic nephropathy (DN) pathology along with urinary IgG4. An elevated extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) lead to enhanced activation SMAD1 signaling, which is observed in the pathogenesis of Cardio‐facio‐cutaneous (CFC) syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been observed. Variants of SMAD1 and other SMAD genes are implicated in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).

Solution in 0.01 M phos­phate buffered saline, pH 7.4, containing 15 mM sodium azide.

For continuous use, store at 2-8 °C for up to one month. For extended storage, freeze in working aliquots. Repeated freezing and thawing, or storage in “frost-free” freezers,is not recommended. If slight turbidity occurs upon prolonged storage, clarify the solution by centrifugation before use. Working dilutions should be discarded if not used within 12 hours.

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