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Tomasz Szkudelski et al.
Life sciences, 89(13-14), 450-455 (2011-08-09)
Fatty acids are involved in the regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes; however, this regulatory action is unclear. The present study aimed to determine the short-term influence of palmitate and its non-metabolisable analogue, 2-bromopalmitate, on the lipolytic activity of adipocytes. Freshly
Aurore D Levy et al.
Molecular biology of the cell, 22(11), 1930-1942 (2011-04-08)
Protein palmitoylation is a reversible lipid modification that plays critical roles in protein sorting and targeting to specific cellular compartments. The neuronal microtubule-regulatory phosphoproteins of the stathmin family (SCG10/stathmin 2, SCLIP/stathmin 3, and RB3/stathmin 4) are peripheral proteins that fulfill
T Szkudelski et al.
Physiological research, 60(3), 521-530 (2011-03-16)
Adiponectin belongs to the group of biologically active substances secreted by adipocytes and referred to as adipokines. Disturbances in its secretion and/or action are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of some metabolic diseases. However, regulation of adiponectin secretion
Joel Berger et al.
Annual review of medicine, 53, 409-435 (2002-01-31)
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a group of three nuclear receptor isoforms, PPAR gamma, PPAR alpha, and PPAR delta, encoded by different genes. PPARs are ligand-regulated transcription factors that control gene expression by binding to specific response elements (PPREs)
Katrina Mekhail et al.
Journal of lipid research, 63(9), 100256-100256 (2022-08-04)
The spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and other coronaviruses mediates host cell entry and is S-acylated on multiple phylogenetically conserved cysteine residues. Multiple protein acyltransferase enzymes have been reported to post-translationally modify spike proteins; however
David W Sanders et al.
eLife, 10 (2021-04-24)
Many enveloped viruses induce multinucleated cells (syncytia), reflective of membrane fusion events caused by the same machinery that underlies viral entry. These syncytia are thought to facilitate replication and evasion of the host immune response. Here, we report that co-culture
Xiaoqing Fan et al.
Oncogenesis, 10(10), 72-72 (2021-10-29)
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and deadly of the primary intracranial tumors and is comprised of subsets that show plasticity and marked heterogeneity, contributing to the lack of success in genomic profiling to guide development of precision medicine for
Jing Lu et al.
American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology, 294(5), G1181-G1190 (2008-03-22)
We have shown earlier that platelet-activating factor (PAF) causes apoptosis in enterocytes via a mechanism that involves Bax translocation to mitochondria, followed by caspase activation and DNA fragmentation. Herein we report that, in rat small intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6), these
Wan Du et al.
Cancer discovery, 11(7), 1826-1843 (2021-02-26)
Mutations in IFN and MHC signaling genes endow immunotherapy resistance. Patients with colorectal cancer infrequently exhibit IFN and MHC signaling gene mutations and are generally resistant to immunotherapy. In exploring the integrity of IFN and MHC signaling in colorectal cancer
Hiromi Oku et al.
Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & molecular biology, 152(4), 370-375 (2009-01-27)
To determine whether external factors affect the adipogenic function of fish adipocytes, the effects of 2-bromopalmitate (a PPAR agonist) on the fatty acid composition in differentiating adipocytes of red sea bream were investigated in vitro. In the presence of 2-bromopalmitate
Francisco Garcia-Oscos et al.
Biological psychiatry, 71(7), 574-582 (2011-12-27)
Although it is known that stress elevates the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and promotes hyper-excitable central conditions, a causal relationship between these two factors has not yet been identified. Recent studies suggest that increases in interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels are
Abiy M Mohammed et al.
Biochemical pharmacology, 85(1), 109-114 (2012-10-25)
Phagocyte-like NADPH oxidase (Nox2) has been shown to play regulatory roles in the metabolic dysfunction of the islet β-cell under the duress of glucolipotoxic conditions and exposure to proinflammatory cytokines. However, the precise mechanisms underlying Nox2 activation by these stimuli
James D Foster et al.
The Journal of biological chemistry, 286(7), 5175-5186 (2010-12-02)
Palmitoylation is a lipid modification that confers diverse functions to target proteins and is a contributing factor for many neuronal diseases. In this study, we demonstrate using [(3)H]palmitic acid labeling and acyl-biotinyl exchange that native and expressed dopamine transporters (DATs)
Pedro E Marques et al.
Developmental cell, 50(3), 283-295 (2019-06-25)
Scavenger receptor B1 (SR-B1), the main receptor for high-density lipoprotein (HDL), is key in preventing atherosclerosis. It removes cholesterol from HDL, returning the lipid-poor lipoprotein to the circulation. To study the mechanisms controlling SR-B1 dynamics at the plasma membrane and
Caglar Gök et al.
Cell reports, 31(10), 107697-107697 (2020-06-11)
The transmembrane sodium-calcium (Na-Ca) exchanger 1 (NCX1) regulates cytoplasmic Ca levels by facilitating electrogenic exchange of Ca for Na. Palmitoylation, the only reversible post-translational modification known to modulate NCX1 activity, controls NCX1 inactivation. Here, we show that palmitoylation of NCX1
Eric Cortada et al.
Journal of cell science, 134(6) (2021-02-20)
The voltage-gated sodium channel is critical for cardiomyocyte function. It consists of a protein complex comprising a pore-forming α subunit and associated β subunits. In polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney cells, we show evidence by acyl-biotin exchange that β2 is S-acylated
Ryouhei Tsutsumi et al.
Molecular and cellular biology, 29(2), 435-447 (2008-11-13)
The heterotrimeric G protein alpha subunit (Galpha) is targeted to the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane through reversible lipid palmitoylation and relays signals from G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to its effectors. By screening 23 DHHC motif (Asp-His-His-Cys) palmitoyl acyl-transferases, we
Wenwen Li et al.
BMC medicine, 21(1), 223-223 (2023-06-27)
The identification of pathogenic mutations in Alzheimer's disease (AD) causal genes led to a better understanding of the pathobiology of AD. Familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) is known to be associated with mutations in the APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 genes involved
Akriti Kharbanda et al.
Science signaling, 13(621) (2020-03-05)
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is often characterized by mutually exclusive mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or the guanosine triphosphatase KRAS. We hypothesized that blocking EGFR palmitoylation, previously shown to inhibit EGFR activity, might alter downstream signaling
Jarrod R Fortwendel et al.
Eukaryotic cell, 11(8), 966-977 (2012-05-09)
Ras is a highly conserved GTPase protein that is essential for proper polarized morphogenesis of filamentous fungi. Localization of Ras proteins to the plasma membrane and endomembranes through posttranslational addition of farnesyl and palmitoyl residues is an important mechanism through
Annarita Ciana et al.
Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1828(3), 924-931 (2012-12-12)
Erythrocyte lipid rafts are anchored to the underlying spectrin membrane skeleton [A. Ciana, C. Achilli, C. Balduini, G. Minetti, On the association of lipid rafts to the spectrin skeleton in human erythrocytes, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1808 (2011) 183-190]. The nature
Meng-Die Li et al.
iScience, 26(9), 107561-107561 (2023-09-04)
Palmitoyl acyltransferases (PATs) have been suggested to be involved in learning and memory. However, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we found that the activity of DHHC2 was upregulated in the hippocampus after fear conditioning, and
Stephanie A Amici et al.
The Journal of biological chemistry, 287(27), 23119-23127 (2012-05-18)
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) cell surface expression levels are modulated during nicotine dependence and multiple disorders of the nervous system, but the mechanisms underlying nAChR trafficking remain unclear. To determine the role of cysteine residues, including their palmitoylation, on neuronal
Aaron C Baldwin et al.
American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 302(11), E1390-E1398 (2012-03-23)
Exposure of insulin-producing cells to elevated levels of the free fatty acid (FFA) palmitate results in the loss of β-cell function and induction of apoptosis. The induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is one mechanism proposed to be responsible for
Xuemeng Shi et al.
mBio, 13(6), e0228922-e0228922 (2022-11-01)
Interferon-inducible transmembrane (IFITM) proteins are small homologous proteins that are encoded by the interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), which can be strongly induced by interferon (IFN) and provide resistance to invasion by a variety of viral pathogens. However, the exact molecular mechanisms
Jason D Vevea et al.
eLife, 10 (2021-09-21)
Synaptotagmin 7 (SYT7) has emerged as a key regulator of presynaptic function, but its localization and precise role in the synaptic vesicle cycle remain the subject of debate. Here, we used iGluSnFR to optically interrogate glutamate release, at the single-bouton
Borislav Dejanovic et al.
PLoS biology, 12(7), e1001908-e1001908 (2014-07-16)
Postsynaptic scaffolding proteins regulate coordinated neurotransmission by anchoring and clustering receptors and adhesion molecules. Gephyrin is the major instructive molecule at inhibitory synapses, where it clusters glycine as well as major subsets of GABA type A receptors (GABAARs). Here, we
Reyhaan A Chaudhri et al.
Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1843(11), 2796-2806 (2014-08-12)
17β-Estradiol can promote the growth and development of several estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancers. The effects are rapid and non-genomic, suggesting that a membrane-associated ER is involved. ERα36 has been shown to mediate rapid, non-genomic, membrane-associated effects of 17β-estradiol in
Anjana Prasad et al.
PLoS biology, 21(10), e3002342-e3002342 (2023-10-24)
Upon water loss, some organisms pause their life cycles and escape death. While widespread in microbes, this is less common in animals. Aedes mosquitoes are vectors for viral diseases. Aedes eggs can survive dry environments, but molecular and cellular principles
Eleftheria Koropouli et al.
eLife, 12 (2023-04-04)
Secreted semaphorin 3F (Sema3F) and semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) exhibit remarkably distinct effects on deep layer excitatory cortical pyramidal neurons; Sema3F mediates dendritic spine pruning, whereas Sema3A promotes the elaboration of basal dendrites. Sema3F and Sema3A signal through distinct holoreceptors that
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