Chromogenic and fluorogenic derivatives are invaluable tools for biochemistry, having numerous applications in enzymology, protein chemistry, immunology and histochemistry.
Advances in the electrochemical conversion of water to and from hydrogen and oxygen have principally been achieved through the development of new materials and by understanding the mechanisms of the degradation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) during operation.
Chronic inflammation is an underlying factor in the development and progression of many of the chronic diseases of aging, such as arthritis, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and cancer.