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W E Mitch et al.
The Journal of clinical investigation, 67(2), 553-562 (1981-02-01)
We measured the effects of seven consecutive daily infusions of alpha-ketoisocaproate (the alpha-keto analogue of leucine) or leucine itself on urinary urea and total nitrogen excretion during fasting. Two study protocols were undertaken. In protocol I, subjects underwent three separate
Hong Guo-Parke et al.
The Journal of endocrinology, 214(3), 257-265 (2012-06-12)
Formation of pseudoislets from rodent cell lines has provided a particularly useful model to study homotypic islet cell interactions and insulin secretion. This study aimed to extend this research to generate and characterize, for the first time, functional human pseudoislets
Chris H P van den Akker et al.
Pediatric research, 70(6), 566-571 (2011-08-23)
Human fetal metabolism is largely unexplored. Understanding how a healthy fetus achieves its fast growth rates could eventually play a pivotal role in improving future nutritional strategies for premature infants. To quantify specific fetal amino acid kinetics, eight healthy pregnant
Katsumi Shibata
Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology, 64(4), 292-295 (2018-09-04)
2-Oxo acids derived from amino acids, glucose, and fatty acids are key intermediates in energy production. During diabetes, energy production is known to be lower than in healthy individuals. However, it was unknown whether the production of 2-oxo acids is
Jalal Taneera et al.
Gene, 715, 144028-144028 (2019-08-03)
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex polygenic disease with unclear mechanism. In an attempt to identify novel genes involved in β-cell function, we harness a bioinformatics method called Loss-of-function tool (LoFtool) gene score. RNA-sequencing data from human islets were
D L Hachey et al.
Analytical chemistry, 63(9), 919-923 (1991-05-01)
A rapid, single-step procedure for the extraction and derivatization of organic alpha-keto acids from microliter quantities of human plasma has been developed. The keto acids were analyzed as the pentafluorobenzyl (PFB) ester by methane negative chemical ionization gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
Marc Yudkoff et al.
The Journal of nutrition, 135(6 Suppl), 1531S-1538S (2005-06-03)
Glutamic acid is an important excitatory neurotransmitter of the brain. Two key goals of brain amino acid handling are to maintain a very low intrasynaptic concentration of glutamic acid and also to provide the system with precursors from which to
Donald F Stec et al.
Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 456(2), 610-614 (2014-12-17)
Countering the diabetes pandemic and consequent complications, such as nephropathy, will require better understanding of disease mechanisms and development of new diagnostic methods. Animal models can be versatile tools in studies of diabetic renal disease when model pathology is relevant
A to Z of nutritional supplements: dietary supplements, sports nutrition foods and ergogenic aids for health and performance--Part 21.
C Goodman et al.
British journal of sports medicine, 45(8), 677-679 (2011-06-01)
Sven Dänicke et al.
Toxins, 5(1), 139-161 (2013-01-17)
Ergot alkaloids (the sum of individual ergot alkaloids are termed as total alkaloids, TA) are produced by the fungus Claviceps purpurea, which infests cereal grains commonly used as feedstuffs. Ergot alkaloids potentially modulate microsomal and mitochondrial hepatic enzymes. Thus, the
Ignazio Grattagliano et al.
European journal of clinical investigation, 40(9), 843-850 (2010-07-06)
Mitochondria play a major role in cell energetic metabolism; therefore, mitochondrial dysfunction inevitably participates in or even determines the onset and progression of chronic liver diseases. The assessment of mitochondrial function in vivo, by providing more insight into the pathogenesis
Jian Lei et al.
Amino acids, 43(5), 2179-2189 (2012-05-01)
Lactation is associated with elevated catabolism of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) in mammary glands to produce glutamate, glutamine, alanine, aspartate, and asparagine. This study determined effects of metabolic fuels on the catabolism of leucine (a representative BCAA) in bovine mammary
Rajavel Elango et al.
The American journal of clinical nutrition, 96(4), 759-767 (2012-09-07)
Leucine has been suggested to improve athletic performance. Therefore, the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), especially leucine, are popular as dietary supplements in strength-training athletes; however, the intake of leucine in excess of requirements raises concerns regarding adverse effects. Currently, the
Eiji Yoshihara et al.
Nature communications, 1, 127-127 (2010-12-02)
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by defects in both insulin sensitivity and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and is often accompanied by obesity. In this study, we show that disruption of thioredoxin binding protein-2 (TBP-2, also called Txnip) in
Hui You et al.
American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 300(3), E435-E444 (2010-10-21)
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) levels correlate with hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus, but ANP effects on pancreatic islet β-cell insulin secretion are controversial. ANP was investigated for short- and long-term effects on insulin secretion and mechanisms regulating secretion in isolated rat
Sadia A Butt et al.
Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 32(8), 1508-1514 (2012-03-29)
The branched chain amino acid transaminase (BCAT) has an important role in nitrogen shuttling and glutamate metabolism in the brain. The purpose of this study was to describe the cerebral distribution and metabolism of hyperpolarized 2-keto[1-(13)C]isocaproate (KIC) in the normal
Alexandros Pechlivanis et al.
Journal of proteome research, 9(12), 6405-6416 (2010-10-12)
Physical exercise modifies animal metabolism profoundly. Until recently, biochemical investigations related to exercise focused on a small number of biomolecules. In the present study, we used a holistic analytical approach to investigate changes in the human urine metabolome elicited by
M Willenborg et al.
Biochemical pharmacology, 80(1), 104-112 (2010-03-23)
The K(+) channel blocker, TEA is known to increase action potential amplitude and insulin secretion of mouse beta-cells when added to a nutrient secretagogue. In the presence of a maximally effective sulfonylurea concentration (2.7 microM glipizide) the nutrient secretagogue alpha-ketoisocaproic
Russell E Ericksen et al.
Cell metabolism, 29(5), 1151-1165 (2019-01-22)
Tumors display profound changes in cellular metabolism, yet how these changes aid the development and growth of tumors is not fully understood. Here we use a multi-omic approach to examine liver carcinogenesis and regeneration, and find that progressive loss of
William S Crim et al.
Molecular and cellular endocrinology, 323(2), 246-255 (2010-03-10)
The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound AGI-1067 (succinobucol) has potential as an oral anti-diabetic agent. AGI-1067 reduces H(b)A1c, improves fasting plasma glucose, and reduces new-onset diabetes. We investigated AGI-1067 for possible effects on mouse pancreatic islets in vitro. Pretreatment with 10
Yingsheng Zhou et al.
The Journal of biological chemistry, 285(44), 33718-33726 (2010-08-26)
It remains unclear how α-ketoisocaproate (KIC) and leucine are metabolized to stimulate insulin secretion. Mitochondrial BCATm (branched-chain aminotransferase) catalyzes reversible transamination of leucine and α-ketoglutarate to KIC and glutamate, the first step of leucine catabolism. We investigated the biochemical mechanisms
Angela M Sgaravatti et al.
Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1639(3), 232-238 (2003-11-26)
Neurological dysfunction is a common finding in patients with maple syrup urine disease (MSUD). However, the mechanisms underlying the neuropathology of brain damage in this disorder are poorly known. In the present study, we investigated the effect of the in
Dag Eckersten et al.
Regulatory peptides, 174(1-3), 32-37 (2011-11-29)
Production of nitric oxide through the action of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) has been detected in the islets of Langerhans. The inducible isoform of NOS (iNOS) is induced by cytokines and might contribute to the development of type-1 diabetes, while
Ismail Syed et al.
American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology, 300(3), R756-R762 (2011-01-14)
Recent evidence suggests that an acute increase in the generation of phagocyte-like NADPH-oxidase (Nox)-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) may be necessary for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Using rat islets and INS 832/13 cells, we tested the hypothesis that activation of specific
Yuhong Zhu et al.
Enzyme and microbial technology, 49(4), 321-325 (2011-11-25)
This work aims to produce α-ketoisocaproate (KIC) from L-leucine via the free-whole-cell biotransformation of Rhodococcus opacus DSM 43250. The effects of temperature, pH, substrate concentration, cell concentration, and rotating speed on KIC production were examined. Furthermore, the biotransformation conditions were
Li Qi et al.
Talanta, 81(4-5), 1554-1559 (2010-05-06)
A new strategy for the enantioseparation of D,L-amino acids employing the principle of ligand exchange capillary electrophoresis with Zn(II)-L-valine complex as a chiral selecting system in the presence of beta-cyclodextrin has been designed. Successful enantioseparation of label free and labeled
Benjamin Wax et al.
Journal of dietary supplements, 10(1), 6-16 (2013-01-30)
Glycine-arginine-α-ketoisocaproic acid (GAKIC) has been proposed to increase anaerobic high-intensity exercise performance in male subjects. However, the effects of GAKIC ingestion in female subjects have not been studied. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of
Lisa S Chow et al.
American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 291(4), E729-E736 (2006-05-18)
Despite being an anabolic hormone in skeletal muscle, insulin's anticatabolic mechanism in humans remains controversial, with contradictory reports showing either stimulation of protein synthesis (PS) or inhibition of protein breakdown (PB) by insulin. Earlier measurements of muscle PS and PB
G F Hoffmann et al.
Journal of inherited metabolic disease, 16(4), 648-669 (1993-01-01)
Concentrations of organic acids in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) appear to be directly dependent upon their rate of production in the brain. There is evidence that the net release of short-chain monocarboxylic acids from the brain is a major route for
Nelo Eidy Zanchi et al.
Amino acids, 40(4), 1015-1025 (2010-07-08)
Amino acids such as leucine and its metabolite α-ketoisocaproate (KIC), are returning to be the focus of studies, mainly because of their anti-catabolic properties, through inhibition of muscle proteolysis and enhancement of protein synthesis. It is clear that these effects
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