68255

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Mechanism of insulin's anabolic effect on muscle: measurements of muscle protein synthesis and breakdown using aminoacyl-tRNA and other surrogate measures.

Lisa S Chow et al.

American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 291(4), E729-E736 (2006-05-18)

Despite being an anabolic hormone in skeletal muscle, insulin's anticatabolic mechanism in humans remains controversial, with contradictory reports showing either stimulation of protein synthesis (PS) or inhibition of protein breakdown (PB) by insulin. Earlier measurements of muscle PS and PB

Crystal structures of complexes of the branched-chain aminotransferase from Deinococcus radiodurans with α-ketoisocaproate and L-glutamate suggest the radiation resistance of this enzyme for catalysis.

Chung-De Chen et al.

Journal of bacteriology, 194(22), 6206-6216 (2012-09-18)

Branched-chain aminotransferases (BCAT), which utilize pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) as a cofactor, reversibly catalyze the transfer of the α-amino groups of three of the most hydrophobic branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), leucine, isoleucine, and valine, to α-ketoglutarate to form the respective branched-chain

A new method to study in vivo protein synthesis in slow- and fast-twitch muscle fibers and initial measurements in humans.

J M Dickinson et al.

Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 108(5), 1410-1416 (2010-03-06)

The aim of this study was to develop an approach to directly assess protein fractional synthesis rate (FSR) in isolated human muscle fibers in a fiber type-specific fashion. Individual muscle fibers were isolated from biopsies of the vastus lateralis (VL)

HMB supplementation: clinical and athletic performance-related effects and mechanisms of action.

Nelo Eidy Zanchi et al.

Amino acids, 40(4), 1015-1025 (2010-07-08)

Amino acids such as leucine and its metabolite α-ketoisocaproate (KIC), are returning to be the focus of studies, mainly because of their anti-catabolic properties, through inhibition of muscle proteolysis and enhancement of protein synthesis. It is clear that these effects

AGI-1067, a novel antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, enhances insulin release and protects mouse islets.

William S Crim et al.

Molecular and cellular endocrinology, 323(2), 246-255 (2010-03-10)

The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound AGI-1067 (succinobucol) has potential as an oral anti-diabetic agent. AGI-1067 reduces H(b)A1c, improves fasting plasma glucose, and reduces new-onset diabetes. We investigated AGI-1067 for possible effects on mouse pancreatic islets in vitro. Pretreatment with 10

Effects of glycine-arginine-α-ketoisocaproic acid supplementation in college-age trained females during multi-bouts of resistance exercise.

Benjamin Wax et al.

Journal of dietary supplements, 10(1), 6-16 (2013-01-30)

Glycine-arginine-α-ketoisocaproic acid (GAKIC) has been proposed to increase anaerobic high-intensity exercise performance in male subjects. However, the effects of GAKIC ingestion in female subjects have not been studied. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of

A chiral ligand exchange CE essay with zinc(II)-L-valine complex for determining enzyme kinetic constant of L-amino acid oxidase.

Li Qi et al.

Talanta, 81(4-5), 1554-1559 (2010-05-06)

A new strategy for the enantioseparation of D,L-amino acids employing the principle of ligand exchange capillary electrophoresis with Zn(II)-L-valine complex as a chiral selecting system in the presence of beta-cyclodextrin has been designed. Successful enantioseparation of label free and labeled

Inhibition of brain energy metabolism by the alpha-keto acids accumulating in maple syrup urine disease.

Angela M Sgaravatti et al.

Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1639(3), 232-238 (2003-11-26)

Neurological dysfunction is a common finding in patients with maple syrup urine disease (MSUD). However, the mechanisms underlying the neuropathology of brain damage in this disorder are poorly known. In the present study, we investigated the effect of the in

Transamination is required for {alpha}-ketoisocaproate but not leucine to stimulate insulin secretion.

Yingsheng Zhou et al.

The Journal of biological chemistry, 285(44), 33718-33726 (2010-08-26)

It remains unclear how α-ketoisocaproate (KIC) and leucine are metabolized to stimulate insulin secretion. Mitochondrial BCATm (branched-chain aminotransferase) catalyzes reversible transamination of leucine and α-ketoglutarate to KIC and glutamate, the first step of leucine catabolism. We investigated the biochemical mechanisms

Production of α-ketoisocaproate via free-whole-cell biotransformation by Rhodococcus opacus DSM 43250 with L-leucine as the substrate.

Yuhong Zhu et al.

Enzyme and microbial technology, 49(4), 321-325 (2011-11-25)

This work aims to produce α-ketoisocaproate (KIC) from L-leucine via the free-whole-cell biotransformation of Rhodococcus opacus DSM 43250. The effects of temperature, pH, substrate concentration, cell concentration, and rotating speed on KIC production were examined. Furthermore, the biotransformation conditions were

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