G0355000

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Cerebral tau is elevated after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage and associated with brain metabolic distress and poor functional and cognitive long-term outcome.

Raimund Helbok et al.

Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, 86(1), 79-86 (2014-04-18)

Recent evidence suggests axonal injury after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH). The microtubule-associated protein, tau, has been shown to be elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid after aSAH, however, brain extracellular tau levels and their relation to long-term neurological and cognitive outcomes

Acetate is a bioenergetic substrate for human glioblastoma and brain metastases.

Tomoyuki Mashimo et al.

Cell, 159(7), 1603-1614 (2014-12-20)

Glioblastomas and brain metastases are highly proliferative brain tumors with short survival times. Previously, using (13)C-NMR analysis of brain tumors resected from patients during infusion of (13)C-glucose, we demonstrated that there is robust oxidation of glucose in the citric acid

Glutamic acid and gamma-aminobutyric acid neurotransmitters in central control of breathing.

H Kazemi et al.

Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 70(1), 1-7 (1991-01-01)

We review recent cross-disciplinary experimental and theoretical investigations on metabolism of the amino acid neurotransmitters glutamic acid and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain during hypoxia and hypercapnia and their possible role in central control of breathing. The roles of

X-ray structure of a novel L-ribose isomerase acting on a non-natural sugar L-ribose as its ideal substrate.

Hiromi Yoshida et al.

The FEBS journal, 281(14), 3150-3164 (2014-05-23)

l-Ribose, a pentose, is not known to exist in nature. Although organisms typically do not have a metabolic pathway that uses l-ribose as a carbon source, prokaryotes use various sugars as carbon sources for survival. Acinetobacter sp. DL-28 has been

Tiagabine improves hippocampal long-term depression in rat pups subjected to prenatal inflammation.

Aline Rideau Batista Novais et al.

PloS one, 9(9), e106302-e106302 (2014-09-04)

Maternal inflammation during pregnancy is associated with the later development of cognitive and behavioral impairment in the offspring, reminiscent of the traits of schizophrenia or autism spectrum disorders. Hippocampal long-term potentiation and long-term depression of glutamatergic synapses are respectively involved

Study on dioxygen reduction by mutational modifications of the hydrogen bond network leading from bulk water to the trinuclear copper center in bilirubin oxidase.

Hirotoshi Morishita et al.

Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 450(1), 767-772 (2014-06-22)

The hydrogen bond network leading from bulk water to the trinuclear copper center in bilirubin oxidase is constructed with Glu463 and water molecules to transport protons for the four-electron reduction of dioxygen. Substitutions of Glu463 with Gln or Ala were

Intermediate filament protein accumulation in motor neurons derived from giant axonal neuropathy iPSCs rescued by restoration of gigaxonin.

Bethany L Johnson-Kerner et al.

Human molecular genetics, 24(5), 1420-1431 (2014-11-16)

Giant axonal neuropathy (GAN) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease caused by autosomal recessive mutations in the GAN gene resulting in a loss of a ubiquitously expressed protein, gigaxonin. Gene replacement therapy is a promising strategy for treatment of the disease;

Roles of the protruding loop of factor B essential for the localization of lipoproteins (LolB) in the anchoring of bacterial triacylated proteins to the outer membrane.

Yumi Hayashi et al.

The Journal of biological chemistry, 289(15), 10530-10539 (2014-02-27)

The Lol system comprising five Lol proteins, LolA through LolE, sorts Escherichia coli lipoproteins to outer membranes. The LolCDE complex, an ATP binding cassette transporter in inner membranes, releases outer membrane-specific lipoproteins in an ATP-dependent manner, causing formation of the

Patient and tumor characteristics and BRAF and KRAS mutations in colon cancer, NCCTG/Alliance N0147.

Wilson I Gonsalves et al.

Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 106(7), doi:10-doi:10 (2014-06-14)

KRAS and BRAF (V600E) mutations are important predictive and prognostic markers, respectively, in colon cancer, but little is known about patient and clinical factors associated with them. Two thousand three hundred twenty-six of 3397 patients in the N0147 phase III

[Efficacy and safety of poly (gamma-glutamic acid) based nanoparticles (gamma-PGA NPs) as vaccine carrier].

Shinsaku Nakagawa

Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan, 128(11), 1559-1565 (2008-11-05)

Recently, nanoscopic systems that incorporate therapeutic agents, and molecular targeting and diagnostic imaging capabilities are emerging as the next generation of functional nanomedicines to improve the outcome of drug therapeutics. Among the many nanoparticulate systems, micelle-like aggregates or nanoparticles formed

Binding of ArgTX-636 in the NMDA receptor ion channel.

Mette H Poulsen et al.

Journal of molecular biology, 427(1), 176-189 (2014-05-28)

The N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) constitute an important class of ligand-gated cation channels that are involved in the majority of excitatory neurotransmission in the human brain. Compounds that bind in the NMDAR ion channel and act as blockers are use- and

Intestinal ornithine synthesis from glutamic acid.

Nutrition reviews, 43(4), 119-121 (1985-04-01)

Cholinergic modulation of large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels regulates synaptic strength and spine calcium in cartwheel cells of the dorsal cochlear nucleus.

Shan He et al.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 34(15), 5261-5272 (2014-04-11)

Acetylcholine is a neuromodulatory transmitter that controls synaptic plasticity and sensory processing in many brain regions. The dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) is an auditory brainstem nucleus that integrates auditory signals from the cochlea with multisensory inputs from several brainstem nuclei

Genetic studies of body mass index yield new insights for obesity biology.

Adam E Locke et al.

Nature, 518(7538), 197-206 (2015-02-13)

Obesity is heritable and predisposes to many diseases. To understand the genetic basis of obesity better, here we conduct a genome-wide association study and Metabochip meta-analysis of body mass index (BMI), a measure commonly used to define obesity and assess

Plasmid-encoded Pgp3 is a major virulence factor for Chlamydia muridarum to induce hydrosalpinx in mice.

Yuanjun Liu et al.

Infection and immunity, 82(12), 5327-5335 (2014-10-08)

Hydrosalpinx induction in mice by Chlamydia muridarum infection, a model that has been used to study C. trachomatis pathogenesis in women, is known to depend on the cryptic plasmid that encodes eight genes designated pgp1 to pgp8. To identify the

The rescuable function and mechanism of resveratrol on As₂O₃-induced hERG K⁺ channel deficiency.

Xin Zhao et al.

Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, 387(11), 1079-1089 (2014-08-12)

Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) is used to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia. However, the cardiotoxicity of long QT syndrome restricts its clinical application. Previous studies showed that As2O3 can damage the human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) current via disturbing its trafficking to cellular

Therapeutics: Negative feedback.

Elie Dolgin

Nature, 508(7494), S10-S11 (2014-04-04)

Specification of spatial identities of cerebellar neuron progenitors by ptf1a and atoh1 for proper production of GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons.

Mayumi Yamada et al.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 34(14), 4786-4800 (2014-04-04)

In the cerebellum, the bHLH transcription factors Ptf1a and Atoh1 are expressed in distinct neuroepithelial regions, the ventricular zone (VZ) and the rhombic lip (RL), and are required for producing GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons, respectively. However, it is unclear whether

Glutamate protects neuromuscular junctions from deleterious effects of β-amyloid peptide and conversely: an in vitro study in a nerve-muscle coculture.

Maud Combes et al.

Journal of neuroscience research, 93(4), 633-643 (2014-12-11)

Murine models of Alzheimer's disease with elevated levels of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide present motor axon defects and neuronal death. Aβ1-42 accumulation is observed in motor neurons and spinal cords of sporadic and familial cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Motor

Neuronal and astrocytic metabolism in a transgenic rat model of Alzheimer's disease.

Linn Hege Nilsen et al.

Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 34(5), 906-914 (2014-03-07)

Regional hypometabolism of glucose in the brain is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, little is known about the specific alterations of neuronal and astrocytic metabolism involved in homeostasis of glutamate and GABA in AD. Here, we investigated the

Spectroscopic characterization and mechanistic investigation of P-methyl transfer by a radical SAM enzyme from the marine bacterium Shewanella denitrificans OS217.

Kylie D Allen et al.

Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1844(12), 2135-2144 (2014-09-17)

Natural products containing carbon-phosphorus bonds elicit important bioactivity in many organisms. l-Phosphinothricin contains the only known naturally-occurring carbon-phosphorus-carbon bond linkage. In actinomycetes, the cobalamin-dependent radical S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) methyltransferase PhpK catalyzes the formation of the second C-P bond to generate the

Nylon nanoweb with TiO2 nanoparticles as a solid matrix for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

Jo-Il Kim et al.

Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM, 28(22), 2427-2436 (2014-10-11)

The solid matrices used for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) enable the analysis of small molecules by preventing fragmentations of organic matrix molecules in the low mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) range. In this work, a nylon nanoweb with TiO(2)

Ultrafine carbon black induces glutamate and ATP release by activating connexin and pannexin hemichannels in cultured astrocytes.

Hongying Wei et al.

Toxicology, 323, 32-41 (2014-06-17)

Ultrafine particles could enter central nervous system and were associated with brain damage. The underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Glutamate and ATP are important signaling molecules in brain physiology and pathology. We investigated whether ultrafine carbon black (ufCB)

Quantitative glycomics monitoring of induced pluripotent- and embryonic stem cells during neuronal differentiation.

Michiyo Terashima et al.

Stem cell research, 13(3 Pt A), 454-464 (2014-12-03)

Alterations in the structure of cell surface glycoforms occurring during the stages of stem cell differentiation remain unclear. We describe a rapid glycoblotting-based cellular glycomics method for quantitatively evaluating changes in glycoform expression and structure during neuronal differentiation of murine

Regulation of microtubule motors by tubulin isotypes and post-translational modifications.

Minhajuddin Sirajuddin et al.

Nature cell biology, 16(4), 335-344 (2014-03-19)

The 'tubulin-code' hypothesis proposes that different tubulin genes or post-translational modifications (PTMs), which mainly confer variation in the carboxy-terminal tail (CTT), result in unique interactions with microtubule-associated proteins for specific cellular functions. However, the inability to isolate distinct and homogeneous

Neuronal discharge hypersynchrony and the intracranial water balance in relation to glutamic acid and taurine redistribution: migraine and epilepsy.

N M van Gelder

Progress in clinical and biological research, 351, 1-20 (1990-01-01)

Loss of SIRT4 decreases GLT-1-dependent glutamate uptake and increases sensitivity to kainic acid.

Jennifer Shih et al.

Journal of neurochemistry, 131(5), 573-581 (2014-09-10)

Glutamate transport is a critical process in the brain that maintains low extracellular levels of glutamate to allow for efficient neurotransmission and prevent excitotoxicity. Loss of glutamate transport function is implicated in epilepsy, traumatic brain injury, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor celecoxib inhibits glutamate release by attenuating the PGE2/EP2 pathway in rat cerebral cortex endings.

Tzu-Yu Lin et al.

The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 351(1), 134-145 (2014-07-23)

The excitotoxicity caused by excessive glutamate is a critical element in the neuropathology of acute and chronic brain disorders. Therefore, inhibition of glutamate release is a potentially valuable therapeutic strategy for treating these diseases. In this study, we investigated the

Assessment of CD4+ T cell responses to glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 using DQ8 tetramers reveals a pathogenic role of GAD65 121-140 and GAD65 250-266 in T1D development.

I-Ting Chow et al.

PloS one, 9(11), e112882-e112882 (2014-11-19)

Susceptibility to type 1 diabetes (T1D) is strongly associated with MHC class II molecules, particularly HLA-DQ8 (DQ8: DQA1*03:01/DQB1*03:02). Monitoring T1D-specific T cell responses to DQ8-restricted epitopes may be key to understanding the immunopathology of the disease. In this study, we

Optimization and validation of a chiral GC-MS method for the determination of free D-amino acids ratio in human urine: application to a gestational diabetes mellitus study.

Ma Paz Lorenzo et al.

Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, 107, 480-487 (2015-02-14)

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is defined as glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. It is affecting approximately up to 14% of all pregnancies with an increasing tendency. GDM has been related to relevant short-term and long-term health

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