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Merck
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  • Low-dose immune challenges result in detectable levels of oxidative damage.

Low-dose immune challenges result in detectable levels of oxidative damage.

The Journal of experimental biology (2020-02-15)
Ellen M Armour, Taylor L Bruner, Justin K Hines, Michael W Butler
摘要

Infection can result in substantial costs to animals, so they frequently respond by removing infectious agents with an immune response. However, immune responses entail their own costs, including upregulation of processes that destroy pathogens (e.g. the production of reactive oxygen species) and processes that limit the extent of self-damage during the immune response (e.g. production of anti-inflammatory proteins such as haptoglobin). Here, we simulated bacterial infection across a 1000-fold range using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administered to northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus), and quantified metrics related to pro-inflammatory conditions [i.e. generation of oxidative damage (d-ROMs), depletion of antioxidant capacity], anti-inflammatory mechanisms (i.e. production of haptoglobin, expression of the enzyme heme oxygenase, production of the organic molecule biliverdin) and nutritional physiology (e.g. circulating triglyceride levels, maintenance of body mass). We detected increases in levels of haptoglobin and d-ROMs even at LPS doses that are 1/1000th the concentration of doses frequently used in ecoimmunological studies, while loss of body mass and decreases in circulating triglycerides manifested only in individuals receiving the highest dose of LPS (1 mg LPS kg-1 body mass), highlighting variation among dose-dependent responses. Additionally, individuals that lost body mass during the course of the experiment had lower levels of circulating triglycerides, and those with more oxidative damage had greater levels of heme oxygenase expression, which highlights the complex interplay between pro- and anti-inflammatory processes. Because low doses of LPS may simulate natural infection levels, variation in dose-dependent physiological responses may be particularly important in modeling how free-living animals navigate immune challenges.

材料
Product Number
品牌
产品描述

Sigma-Aldrich
游离甘油试剂, used for quantitative enzymatic determination of glycerol
Sigma-Aldrich
甘油三酯试剂, used for quantitative enzymatic determination of triglyerides
Sigma-Aldrich
甘油标准品溶液, 2.5 mg/ml equivalent triolein concentration
Sigma-Aldrich
脂多糖 来源于肠沙门氏菌 肠道血清型, purified by trichloroacetic acid extraction