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  • Biological decolorization of xanthene dyes by anaerobic granular biomass.

Biological decolorization of xanthene dyes by anaerobic granular biomass.

Biodegradation (2012-03-23)
Laura Carmen Apostol, Luciana Pereira, Raquel Pereira, Maria Gavrilescu, Maria Madalena Alves
摘要

Biodegradation of a xanthene dyes was investigated for the first time using anaerobic granular sludge. On a first screening, biomass was able to decolorize, at different extents, six azo dye solutions: acid orange 7, direct black 19, direct blue 71, mordant yellow 10, reactive red 2 and reactive red 120 and two xanthene dyes--Erythrosine B and Eosin Y. Biomass concentration, type of electron donor, induction of biomass with dye and mediation with activated carbon (AC) were variables studied for Erythrosine B (Ery) as model dye. Maximum color removal efficiency was achieved with 4.71 g VSS L⁻¹, while the process rates were independent of the biomass concentration above 1.89 g VSS L⁻¹. No considerable effects were observed when different substrates were used as electron donors (VFA, glucose or lactose). Addition of Ery in the incubation period of biomass led to a fivefold increase of the decolorization rate. The rate of Ery decolorization almost duplicated in the presence of commercial AC (0.1 g L⁻¹ AC₀). Using different modified AC samples (from the treatment of AC₀), a threefold higher rate was obtained with the most basic one, AC(H₂), as compared with non-mediated reaction. Higher rates were obtained at pH 6.0. Chemical reduction using Na₂S confirmed the recalcitrant nature of this dye. The results attest that decolorization of Ery is essentially due to enzymatic and adsorption phenomena.

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Sigma-Aldrich
四碘荧光素 超蓝, for microscopy (Bact., Hist.), adsorption and fluorescent indicator
Sigma-Aldrich
赤藓红, certified by the Biological Stain Commission, Dye content ≥85 %
Sigma-Aldrich
四碘荧光素 超蓝, certified by the Biological Stain Commission
Supelco
赤藓红, analytical standard