Resonance Raman spectroscopy of chemically modified hemoglobins.

Hemoglobin obtained from out-dated human blood was stripped of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and modified with the crosslinking agents glyoxalic acid, 1,2-cyclohexadione, or fumarate to stabilize the tetramer. The resulting hemoglobins, which show alterations in their oxygen transport capability, have been studied in their oxy, deoxy and fluoro-met forms using resonance Raman spectroscopy with Soret excitation. The resonance Raman spectra of oxy-hemoglobins cross linked with glyoxalic acid and 1,2-cyclohexadione show that these cross linking agents force the heme into a high spin structure. The resonance Raman spectra of the fluoro-met hemoglobins, however, indicate that the same cross linking agents force the heme into a lower spin structure. Absorption spectroscopy and molecular orbital considerations suggest that protein constraints at the sixth ligand of the heme can account for the change in spin state in the glyoxalic acid and 1,2-cyclohexadione cross linked hemoglobins.