p53 exon 4 (codon 72) polymorphism and exon 7 (codon 249) mutation in breast cancer patients in southern region (Madurai) of Tamil Nadu.

We investigated the association between polymorphisms in the p53 tumor suppressor gene and breast cancer risk in women especially in the Southern part of India. Genotyping was performed for 50 breast cancer women and 50 controls to determine the status of p53 exon 4 codon 72 polymorphism and exon 7 codon 249 mutation and their possible role in breast cancer risk. Frequency of Arg/Arg at codon 72 was 18% in controls and 28% in patients, Arg/Pro frequency was 56% and 66%, Pro/Pro genotype was 8% in controls and 8% in patients. No significance was observed for breast cancer risk with either Arg/Arg or Pro/Pro genotype in codon 72 polymorphism. Similarly, mutation analysis of exon 7 codon 249 revealed that 72% of breast cancer patients have mutation, which is not statistically significant. However, there is a strong association between increase in exon 7 codon 249 mutation and exposure to pollution. The results suggested that there is no risk for exon 4 with Arg/Arg or Pro/Pro polymorphisms in the p53 gene and there is no strong correlation between breast cancer patients and mutation in exon 7 codon 249 in South Indian women.