Hydroxypyri(mi)dine-based chelators as antidotes of toxicity due to aluminum and actinides.

Hydroxypyri(mi)dine-based chelators as antidotes of toxicity due to aluminum and actinides.

Current medicinal chemistry (2012-03-30)

M A Santos, M A Esteves, S Chaves

摘要

This review is focused on recent developments on hydroxypyri(mi)dines, as aluminum and actinide chelating agents to combat the toxicity due to accumulations of these metal ions in human body resulting from excessive metal exposure. After a brief update revision of the most common processes of aluminum (Al) exposure, as well as the associated toxicities and pathologies, we will focus on the current available Al chelators and future perspective as potential antidotes of Al toxicity. Due to the similarity between Al and Fe, a major emphasis is given to the hydroxypyridinone and hydroxypyrimidinone chelators, since they are analogues of the current iron chelators in clinical use (DFP and DFO). This review includes issues such as molecular design strategies and corresponding effects on the associated physico-chemical properties, lipo-hydrophilic balance, toxicity, in vivo bioassays and current clinical applications. The hydroxypyri(mi)dine chelators are also suitable for other hard metal ions, such as the radiotoxic actinides, and so a brief review is included on the applications of these chelators in actinides scavenging.

材料

Product Number

品牌

产品描述

266574

Sigma-Aldrich

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326860

Sigma-Aldrich

铝, foil, thickness 0.13 mm, ≥99.99% trace metals basis

733369

Sigma-Aldrich

铝, foil, thickness 8 μm, 99% trace metals basis

326887

Sigma-Aldrich

铝, wire, diam. 0.58 mm, ≥99.99% trace metals basis

433705

Sigma-Aldrich

铝, evaporation slug, diam. × L 6.3 mm × 6.3 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis

GF29732496

铝, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 3.0mm, inside diameter 1.62mm, wall thickness 0.69mm, hard, 99.5%

GF44675781

铝, rod, 1000mm, diameter 12.7mm, 99%

GF20784360

铝, sphere, 100pcs, diameter 2.5mm, aluminum alloy 2017 precision sphere, grade 200, 95.2%

GF94706354

铝, mesh, 150x150mm, nominal aperture 0.38mm, wire diameter 0.25mm, 40x40 wires/inch, open area 37%, plain weave mesh

GF85240694

铝, honeycomb, 600x600mm, thickness 20mm, cell size 3.2mm, cell wall 0.025mm, core density 0.072g/cm³, phenolic adhesive (resin), 99.5%

GF38294646

铝, mesh, 300x300mm, nominal aperture 0.38mm, wire diameter 0.25mm, 40x40 wires/inch, open area 37%, plain weave mesh

GF74087758

铝, wire reel, 1m, diameter 0.02mm, hard, 99.99%

GF98718935

铝, sphere, 100pcs, diameter 1.0mm, aluminum alloy 2017 precision sphere, grade 200, 95.2%

GF53821234

铝, mesh, 900x900mm, nominal aperture 0.38mm, wire diameter 0.25mm, 40x40 wires/inch, open area 37%, plain weave mesh

GF24569602

铝, foam, 150x150mm, thickness 30mm, bulk density 0.2g/cm³, porosity 0.93, aluminum 6101 grade, 98.5%

GF02417677

铝, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 0.86mm, inside diameter 0.76mm, wall thickness 0.05mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF26812043

铝, foam, 150x150mm, thickness 3.2mm, bulk density 0.2g/cm³, porosity 0.93, 16 pores/cm, aluminum 6101 grade, 98.5%

GF51598761

铝, rod, 200mm, diameter 12.7mm, 99%

GF33055185

铝, foam, 150x150mm, thickness 6.35mm, bulk density 0.2g/cm³, porosity 0.93, 16 pores/cm, aluminum 6101 grade, 98.5%

GF86118969

铝, honeycomb, 300x300mm, thickness 5mm, cell size 19mm, cell wall 0.064mm, core density 0.029g/cm³, phenolic adhesive (resin), 99.5%

GF04958084

铝, honeycomb, 300x300mm, thickness 5mm, cell size 3.2mm, cell wall 0.025mm, core density 0.072g/cm³, phenolic adhesive (resin), 99.5%

GF86830566

铝, mesh, 600x600mm, nominal aperture 0.38mm, wire diameter 0.25mm, 40x40 wires/inch, open area 37%, plain weave mesh

GF64700524

铝, rod, 1000mm, diameter 5.0mm, as drawn, 99.999%

GF12712610

铝, sphere, 100pcs, diameter 6.0mm, 99%

GF37306267

铝, foam, 150x150mm, thickness 6.35mm, bulk density 0.2g/cm³, porosity 0.93, 2 pores/cm, aluminum 6101 grade, 98.5%

GF54273944

铝, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 0.55mm, inside diameter 0.4mm, wall thickness 0.075mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF07499010

铝, foam, 150x150mm, thickness 10mm, bulk density 0.2g/cm³, porosity 0.93, aluminum 6101 grade, 98.5%

GF32029444

铝, rod, 100mm, diameter 12.7mm, 99%

GF28125390

铝, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 0.30mm, inside diameter 0.2mm, wall thickness 0.05mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF10029596

铝, foam, 150x150mm, thickness 6.35mm, bulk density 0.2g/cm³, porosity 0.93, 8 pores/cm, aluminum 6101 grade, 98.5%