How aluminum, an intracellular ROS generator promotes hepatic and neurological diseases: the metabolic tale.

How aluminum, an intracellular ROS generator promotes hepatic and neurological diseases: the metabolic tale.

Cell biology and toxicology (2013-03-07)

Sungwon Han, Joseph Lemire, Varun P Appanna, Christopher Auger, Zachary Castonguay, Vasu D Appanna

摘要

Metal pollutants are a global health risk due to their ability to contribute to a variety of diseases. Aluminum (Al), a ubiquitous environmental contaminant is implicated in anemia, osteomalacia, hepatic disorder, and neurological disorder. In this review, we outline how this intracellular generator of reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggers a metabolic shift towards lipogenesis in astrocytes and hepatocytes. This Al-evoked phenomenon is coupled to diminished mitochondrial activity, anerobiosis, and the channeling of α-ketoacids towards anti-oxidant defense. The resulting metabolic reconfiguration leads to fat accumulation and a reduction in ATP synthesis, characteristics that are common to numerous medical disorders. Hence, the ability of Al toxicity to create an oxidative environment promotes dysfunctional metabolic processes in astrocytes and hepatocytes. These molecular events triggered by Al-induced ROS production are the potential mediators of brain and liver disorders.

材料

Product Number

品牌

产品描述

266574

Sigma-Aldrich

铝, foil, thickness 0.45-0.55 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis

326860

Sigma-Aldrich

铝, foil, thickness 0.13 mm, ≥99.99% trace metals basis

733369

Sigma-Aldrich

铝, foil, thickness 8 μm, 99% trace metals basis

326887

Sigma-Aldrich

铝, wire, diam. 0.58 mm, ≥99.99% trace metals basis

433705

Sigma-Aldrich

铝, evaporation slug, diam. × L 6.3 mm × 6.3 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis

GF29732496

铝, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 3.0mm, inside diameter 1.62mm, wall thickness 0.69mm, hard, 99.5%

GF44675781

铝, rod, 1000mm, diameter 12.7mm, 99%

GF20784360

铝, sphere, 100pcs, diameter 2.5mm, aluminum alloy 2017 precision sphere, grade 200, 95.2%

GF94706354

铝, mesh, 150x150mm, nominal aperture 0.38mm, wire diameter 0.25mm, 40x40 wires/inch, open area 37%, plain weave mesh

GF85240694

铝, honeycomb, 600x600mm, thickness 20mm, cell size 3.2mm, cell wall 0.025mm, core density 0.072g/cm³, phenolic adhesive (resin), 99.5%

GF38294646

铝, mesh, 300x300mm, nominal aperture 0.38mm, wire diameter 0.25mm, 40x40 wires/inch, open area 37%, plain weave mesh

GF74087758

铝, wire reel, 1m, diameter 0.02mm, hard, 99.99%

GF98718935

铝, sphere, 100pcs, diameter 1.0mm, aluminum alloy 2017 precision sphere, grade 200, 95.2%

GF53821234

铝, mesh, 900x900mm, nominal aperture 0.38mm, wire diameter 0.25mm, 40x40 wires/inch, open area 37%, plain weave mesh

GF24569602

铝, foam, 150x150mm, thickness 30mm, bulk density 0.2g/cm³, porosity 0.93, aluminum 6101 grade, 98.5%

GF02417677

铝, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 0.86mm, inside diameter 0.76mm, wall thickness 0.05mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF26812043

铝, foam, 150x150mm, thickness 3.2mm, bulk density 0.2g/cm³, porosity 0.93, 16 pores/cm, aluminum 6101 grade, 98.5%

GF51598761

铝, rod, 200mm, diameter 12.7mm, 99%

GF33055185

铝, foam, 150x150mm, thickness 6.35mm, bulk density 0.2g/cm³, porosity 0.93, 16 pores/cm, aluminum 6101 grade, 98.5%

GF86118969

铝, honeycomb, 300x300mm, thickness 5mm, cell size 19mm, cell wall 0.064mm, core density 0.029g/cm³, phenolic adhesive (resin), 99.5%

GF04958084

铝, honeycomb, 300x300mm, thickness 5mm, cell size 3.2mm, cell wall 0.025mm, core density 0.072g/cm³, phenolic adhesive (resin), 99.5%

GF86830566

铝, mesh, 600x600mm, nominal aperture 0.38mm, wire diameter 0.25mm, 40x40 wires/inch, open area 37%, plain weave mesh

GF64700524

铝, rod, 1000mm, diameter 5.0mm, as drawn, 99.999%

GF12712610

铝, sphere, 100pcs, diameter 6.0mm, 99%

GF37306267

铝, foam, 150x150mm, thickness 6.35mm, bulk density 0.2g/cm³, porosity 0.93, 2 pores/cm, aluminum 6101 grade, 98.5%

GF54273944

铝, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 0.55mm, inside diameter 0.4mm, wall thickness 0.075mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF07499010

铝, foam, 150x150mm, thickness 10mm, bulk density 0.2g/cm³, porosity 0.93, aluminum 6101 grade, 98.5%

GF32029444

铝, rod, 100mm, diameter 12.7mm, 99%

GF28125390

铝, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 0.30mm, inside diameter 0.2mm, wall thickness 0.05mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF10029596

铝, foam, 150x150mm, thickness 6.35mm, bulk density 0.2g/cm³, porosity 0.93, 8 pores/cm, aluminum 6101 grade, 98.5%