mportance and uses of linolenic acid in serum-free eukaryotic, including hybridoma and Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell, cultures
Fatty acids of the n-3, n-6 and n-9 families are important supplements for cell culture systems. They are important in cell culture systems used to biomanufacture heterologous proteins, such as monoclonal antibodies. Fatty acids have been shown to be important for the growth and productivity of Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells.
Linolenic acid is a n-3 unsaturated fatty acid that is not synthesized by animal cells and must be provided as a nutrient in cell culture. Linolenic acid is poorly soluble in aqueous media and susceptible to peroxidation. Historically, linolenic acid has been provided to cells in culture as a component of serum, albumin complex or esterified to molecules such as cholesterol. The advent of serum-free, animal-protein-free and protein-free media formulations has increased the difficulty of delivering linolenic acid to cells in culture.
The proper formulation of linolenic acid as a stable supplement is a challenge for the development of proprietary media useful for biomanufacturing and tissue engineering. For a more complete discussion of linolenic and other fatty acids as a cell culture additive, visit our Media Expert.
Fatty acids (FA) are long-chain carboxylic acids that are insoluble in water. These fatty acid chains can be from 4 to 30 carbons long, but physiologically the most important fatty acids are from 16 to 22 carbons long. Since fatty acids are synthesized naturally by the addition of acetyl groups, they have an even numbers of carbon atoms-C2, C4, etc. They can be saturated or unsaturated. Natural fatty acids have their double bonds in the cis-configuration and are usually esterified to glycerol backbones to form complex lipids. Fatty acids that contain more than one double bond are called polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs).
Whether a fatty acid is an n-3, n-6 or n-9 type is important, because animal cells cannot synthesize fatty acids of the n-3 or n-6 type. They must be provided in the diet and are considered essential fatty acids (EFAs).
Linoleic and linolenic acids are essential fatty acids (EFAs) produced by plants that must be provided to animal cells in vitro.
If linoleic and linolenic fatty acids are not provided in sufficient quantity, cells cannot produce other important fatty acids, and fatty acid derivatives.
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