Antibodies by Application

Primary Antibodies for Western Blot

Primary antibodies are essential for binding and detecting to a target substrate in Western blotting. By recognizing a sequence or epitope on a protein, primary antibodies identify specific proteins that have been immobilized on the membrane. For indirect Western blot detection, primary antibodies bind to the target protein and the conjugated secondary antibody binds to the primary antibody for colorimetric or chemiluminescent detection. However, you can directly detect and visualize the protein of interest using a fluorescently labeled primary or secondary antibody.

Our Anti-SMAD7 (N-terminal) antibody, produced in rabbit is an unconjugated polyclonal primary antibody that is suitable for immunoblotting. It is reactive to human species.

Western Blot Secondary Antibodies

Once primary antibodies have identified and bound to the protein of interest, secondary antibodies are crucial for detecting of the target protein. Secondary antibodies are often conjugated to a label or a tag; commonly used tags include horseradish peroxidase (HRP), alkaline phosphatase (AP), or fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). To bind to the primary antibody, secondary antibodies need to match the isotype and species of the primary antibody.

Selecting the correct secondary antibody can help decrease background noise, minimize false positive and negatives, and improve staining quality – ensuring more reliable and reproducible Western blot outcomes.

Our polyclonal secondary antibody Anti-Rabbit IgG (whole molecule)–Alkaline Phosphatase antibody, produced in goat reacts with rabbit and can be used in immunoblotting applications.

Antibodies for Other Applications

Antibodies for Dot Blot

A similar method to Western blotting, dot blot is an effective method for detecting, identifying, and quantifying proteins and nucleic acids on a membrane using antibodies. Dot blotting allows for simultaneous analysis of multiple samples on a single membrane and can use either monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies. With minimal sample preparation, dot blotting is ideal for comparative and screening applications.

Our collection of antibodies for dot blotting includes:

• Anti-acetyl (Lys34) phospho (Ser36) Histone H1 is a polyclonal primary antibody can be used to detect acetyl (Lys34) phospho (Ser36) Histone H1, also known as Histone H1b, in dot blot experiments.
• Anti-Rabbit IgG (whole molecule)–Gold antibody, produced in goat, is a polyclonal secondary antibody that is are often used in dot blot techniques that binds to rabbit IgG, facilitating sensitive and accurate detection.

Antibodies for Immunoprecipitation (IP)

Also known as immunoaffinity or pull-down techniques, immunoprecipitation (IP) is the technique in which target proteins are isolated and enriched from crude cell lysate using antibodies. With IP, researchers can study protein interactions and post-translational modifications, as well as monitor the presence of specific proteins in different biological samples.

Our collection of antibodies for immunoprecipitation includes:

• Anti-UVRAG-FS mutant polyclonal primary antibody from rabbit, which detects frameshift (FS) mutant UV radiation resistance-associated gene protein.
• Anti-Nitrotyrosine Magnetic Bead Conjugate Antibody, which targets nitrotyrosine to investigate the presence of nitrosative stress and related protein modification.

Antibodies for FACS 

Also known as fluorescence-activated cell sorting, FACS is powerful method for sorting mixed cell populations into groups based on specific light scattering and fluorescence. Fluorescently tagged antibodies bind to surface markers on the cell so that they can be identified, sorted, and analyzed. FACS antibodies are highly specific for cell surface proteins or intracellular targets, making them crucial for flow cytometry applications.

Our FACS antibodies include:

• Monoclonal Anti-CD24-PE antibody produced in rat is a SN3 monoclonal primary antibody is conjugated with phycoerythrin (R-PE) and is reactive to human species.
• Anti-Muscle Satellite Cells Antibody, clone SM C-2.6 is a rat monoclonal antibody that detects muscle satellite cells.

Loading Control Antibodies

Essential for biochemical assays like Western blotting, loading control antibodies help ensure that there are equal amounts of protein in each lane of the gel. Because they act as a reference to normalize target protein expression levels, loading control antibodies allow for quantitative and accurate sample comparisons.

Anti-β-Actin−Peroxidase antibody (Mouse monoclonal) is used as a Western blot loading control for the analysis of rat liver protein lysates, as it specifically localizes β-actin in a wide variety of tissues and species.

Antibodies for Immunocytochemistry (ICC)

Using antibodies in immunocytochemistry (ICC) researchers can visualize a specific protein or antigen in cells under a microscope through specific antibody binding. It is often used in both clinical and research laboratories to study cellular processes, protein expression, and sub-cellular protein localization. Due to their specificity and versatility, ICC antibodies are essential for cell biology, cancer research, and pathology.

Our collection of ICC antibodies include:

• Anti-Nestin, Human Polyclonal Primary Antibody, derived from rabbit recognizes human Nestin.
• Anti-Mitochondria Antibody, clone 113-1, Biotin Conjugate recognizes the 60 kDa non-glycosylated protein component of mitochondria found in human cells.

Antibodies for Immunohistochemistry

A biochemical method that uses antibodies to detect specific antigens or proteins in tissue sections, immunohistochemistry (IHC) is widely used for identifying proteins or other biomarkers in individual cell layers. IHC is also used in clinical diagnostics to monitor protein expression and localization in tissue architecture. IHC antibodies are critical for various applications, such as oncology, cell biology, and pathology.

Our IHC antibodies include:

• IHC Select Secondary Goat anti-Mouse IgG, anti-Rabbit IgG, biotinylated, is reactive to both mouse and rabbit species. This secondary antibody cocktail contains both Goat Anti-Mouse IgG and Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG.
• Anti-Histone H3 K27M recombinant primary antibody, Rabbit Monoclonal reacts to the Histone H3 K27M mutant and is suitable for use in immunohistochemistry.

Antibodies for Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP)

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays detect and relatively quantify protein-DNA and protein-protein interactions within chromatin. These assays are critical for evaluating specific protein-DNA interactions in vivo, enabling researchers to study gene expression regulation, epigenetic modifications, and transcription factor binding. ChIP antibodies specifically bind target proteins and other biomolecules after crosslinking to DNA.

Our ChIP antibodies include:

• Anti-Chd2, Clone 8H3 Monoclonal Primary Antibody is validated for use in ChIP to detect Chd2 and is reactive with both mouse and human species.
• Anti-Lap2alpha, Clone 8C10-1H11 specifically detects Lamina-associated polypeptide 2 alpha (LAP2alpha) in murine species by targeting an epitope in the internal region.

Antibodies for Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) is a commonly used assay to detect and quantify peptides, proteins, antibodies, and other biomolecules in a sample. ELISA assays include an immobilized protein of interest, a primary antibody conjugated to an enzyme, and a detection substrate. These antibodies ensure precise detection and quantification of the target protein.

Our ELISA antibodies portfolio includes:

• Anti-Opsin antibody, Mouse monoclonal is a primary antibody derived from the RET-P1 hybridoma and is produced by the fusion of mouse myeloma cells and splenocytes from BALB/C mice immunized with rat retinal membranes.
• Anti-COVID-19, Nucleoprotein Antibody, 1068 is specifically designed for use in ELISA to detect the nucleoprotein of COVID-19.