5.04594
Gemcitabine, HCl
别名:
Gemcitabine, HCl, 2ʹ,2ʹ-Difluoro-2ʹ-deoxycytidine, HCl, 2ʹ-Deoxy-2ʹ,2ʹ-difluorocytidine, HCl, 4-Amino-1-((2R,5S)-3,3-difluoro-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)pyrimidin-2(1H)-one, HCl, LY188011, dFdC, dFdCyd, Ribonucleotide Reductase Inhibitor II, RNR Inhibitor II, LY188011, dFdC, dFdCyd, 2ʹ,2ʹ-Difluoro-2ʹ-deoxycytidine, HCl, 2ʹ-Deoxy-2ʹ,2ʹ-difluorocytidine, HCl, 4-Amino-1-((2R,5S)-3,3-difluoro-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)pyrimidin-2(1H)-one, HCl, Ribonucleotide
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关于此项目
经验公式（希尔记法）:
C9H11F2N3O4 · xHCl
化学文摘社编号:
分子量:
263.20 (free base basis)
UNSPSC Code:
12352200
NACRES:
NA.77
MDL number:
SMILES string
FC1([C@@H](O[C@@H]([C@H]1O)CO)[n]2[c](nc(cc2)N)=O)F.Cl
InChI
1S/C9H11F2N3O4.ClH/c10-9(11)6(16)4(3-15)18-7(9)14-2-1-5(12)13-8(14)17;/h1-2,4,6-7,15-16H,3H2,(H2,12,13,17);1H/t4-,6-,7-;/m1./s1
InChI key
OKKDEIYWILRZIA-OSZBKLCCSA-N
assay
≥99% (HPLC)
form
powder
manufacturer/tradename
Calbiochem®
storage condition
OK to freeze, desiccated (hygroscopic), protect from light
color
white
solubility
water: 25 mg/mL
Quality Level
General description
A bioavailable, moderately toxic, deoxyctytidine analog with anti-metabolite and anti-tumor properties. Shown to be effective against a variety of tumors and blocks the growth of cancer cells in culture (IC 50 = 8.7, 57, 3.7, and 36 nM for L1210, CEM, Caco2, and HeLa cells, respectively). Following its uptake into cells by nucleoside transporters it is phosphorylated to its mono (dFdCMP), di (dFdCDP), and triphosphorylated (dFdCTP) forms by deoxycytidine kinase. dFdCDP and dFdCTP are reported to inhibit the activity of ribonucleotide reductase and impede DNA synthesis and repair mechanisms and induce cell death. Blocks the progression of cells through the G1/S phase. The dFdCTP is shown to compete with endogenous deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP) for incorporation into DNA and against CTP into RNA. Gemcitabine is also shown to block mitochondrial DNA polymerase γ. Works synergistically with other chemotherapeutic agents to enhance their cytotoxicity. Its half life is reported to be 42 to 94 min (depending upon the age and sex of the individual).
Biochem/physiol Actions
Cell permeable: yes
Primary Target
DNA
DNA
Reversible: no
Secondary Target
DNA polymerase
DNA polymerase
Packaging
Packaged under inert gas
Preparation Note
Following reconstitution, aliquot and freeze (-20°C). Stock solutions are stable for up to 6 months at -20°C.
Other Notes
Hung, S.W., et al. 2012. Cancer Lett.320, 138.
Fowler, J.D., et al. 2008. J. Biol. Chem.283, 15339.
Mackey, J.R., et al. 1998. Cancer Res.58, 4349.
Eda, H., et al. 1998. Cancer Res.58, 1165.
Burris III, H.A., et al. 1997. J. Clin. Oncol.15, 2403.
Heinemann, V., et al. 1992. Cancer Res.52, 533.
Hertel, L.W., et al. 1990. Cancer Res.50, 4417.
Fowler, J.D., et al. 2008. J. Biol. Chem.283, 15339.
Mackey, J.R., et al. 1998. Cancer Res.58, 4349.
Eda, H., et al. 1998. Cancer Res.58, 1165.
Burris III, H.A., et al. 1997. J. Clin. Oncol.15, 2403.
Heinemann, V., et al. 1992. Cancer Res.52, 533.
Hertel, L.W., et al. 1990. Cancer Res.50, 4417.
Legal Information
CALBIOCHEM is a registered trademark of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
Disclaimer
Toxicity: Carcinogenic / Teratogenic (D)
signalword
Danger
hcodes
Hazard Classifications
Repr. 1B
存储类别
6.1C - Combustible, acute toxic Cat.3 / toxic compounds or compounds which causing chronic effects
wgk
WGK 3
flash_point_f
Not applicable
flash_point_c
Not applicable
法规信息
新产品
此项目有
H A Burris et al.
Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 15(6), 2403-2413 (1997-06-01)
Most patients with advanced pancreas cancer experience pain and must limit their daily activities because of tumor-related symptoms. To date, no treatment has had a significant impact on the disease. In early studies with gemcitabine, patients with pancreas cancer experienced
J R Mackey et al.
Cancer research, 58(19), 4349-4357 (1998-10-10)
Gemcitabine (2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine) is a novel pyrimidine nucleoside drug with clinical efficacy in several common epithelial cancers. We have proposed that gemcitabine requires nucleoside transporter (NT) proteins to permeate the plasma membrane and to exhibit pharmacological activity. In humans, there are
Sau Wai Hung et al.
Cancer letters, 320(2), 138-149 (2012-03-20)
Clinical refractoriness to nucleoside analogs (e.g., gemcitabine, capecitabine) is a major scientific problem and is one of the main reasons underlying the extremely poor prognostic state of pancreatic cancer. The drugs' effects are suboptimal partly due to cellular mechanisms limiting
L W Hertel et al.
Cancer research, 50(14), 4417-4422 (1990-07-15)
A new pyrimidine antimetabolite, 2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine, Gemcitabine (LY188011, dFdCyd) has been synthesized and evaluated in experimental tumor models. dFdCyd is a very potent and specific deoxycytidine analogue. The concentration required for 50% inhibition of growth is 1 ng/ml in the CCRF-CEM
V Heinemann et al.
Cancer research, 52(3), 533-539 (1992-02-01)
2',2'-Difluorodeoxycytidine (dFdC, Gemcitabine) is a deoxycytidine analogue which, after phosphorylation to the 5'-di- and 5'-triphosphate (dFdCTP), induces inhibition of DNA synthesis and cell death. We examined the values for elimination kinetics of cellular dFdCTP and found they were dependent on
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