P5367
Anti-Par-4 (Prostate Apoptosis Response-4) antibody produced in rabbit
IgG fraction of antiserum, buffered aqueous solution
biological source
rabbit
conjugate
unconjugated
antibody form
IgG fraction of antiserum
antibody product type
primary antibodies
clone
polyclonal
form
buffered aqueous solution
mol wt
antigen 38 kDa
species reactivity
human, rat, mouse
technique(s)
microarray: suitable, western blot: 1:1,000 using whole cell extract of the mouse fibroblast NIH3T3 cell line, western blot: 1:5,000 using whole cell extract of the human HeLa cell line
UniProt accession no.
shipped in
dry ice
storage temp.
−20°C
target post-translational modification
unmodified
Quality Level
Gene Information
human ... PAWR(5074)
mouse ... Pawr(114774)
rat ... Pawr(64513)
General description
PRKC apoptosis WT1 regulator protein (PAWR) is also known as prostate apoptosis response 4 protein (Par-4). The PAWR gene is mapped to human chromosome 12q21.2. It is a 40 kDa protein expressed ubiquitously in mammals. It was first identified in prostate tumors.It has a leucine zipper domain and nuclear localization sequences. A core domain comprising of region 137-195 amino acids is critical for the apoptotic function of PAR-4. It interacts and modulates the activity of protein kinase C.
Immunogen
synthetic peptide corresponding to the C-terminus of human Par-4 (amino acids 324-342) conjugated to KLH.
Application
Anti-Par-4 (Prostate Apoptosis Response-4) antibody produced in rabbit may be used in immunoblotting.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Par-4 protein interacts with Wilm′s tumor suppressor WT1 and modulates its transcription and growth suppression function. The gene for Par-4 is down-regulated by oncogenic Ras via the Raf-1- mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK-ERK) pathway in immortalized fibroblasts. Overexpression of the PAR4 gene causes down-regulation of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) in fibroblasts and prostate cancer cells. Par-4 protein plays an important role in neuronal apoptosis. This gene is upregulated in neuronal degeneration and is observed in Alzheimer′s disease.
The primary function of prostate apoptosis response 4 protein (Par-4) is to mediate apoptosis. In neuronal progenitor cells, ceramide and PAR-4 contribute to rapid apoptosis. PAR-4 activates the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member (FAS)-based death signalling caspase cascade to accomplish apoptosis in prostate tumor cells. PAR-4 is considered as a potential drug for treatment of cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.
Physical form
Solution in 0.01 M phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.4, containing 15 mM sodium azide.
Preparation Note
For continuous use, store at 2-8 °C for up to one month.For prolonged storage, freeze in working aliquots at −20 °C. Repeated freezing and thawing is not recom-mended. Storage in frost-free freezers is also notrecommended. If slight turbidity occurs upon prolongedstorage, clarify the solution by centrifugation beforeuse. Working dilutions should be discarded if not usedwithin 12 hours.
Disclaimer
Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.
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R W Johnstone et al.
Molecular and cellular biology, 16(12), 6945-6956 (1996-12-01)
The tumor suppressor WT1 represses and activates transcription. The loss and/or imbalance of the dual transcriptional activity of WT1 may contribute to Wilms' tumor. In this study, we identified par-4 (for prostate apoptosis response) as a WT1-interacting protein that itself
PAWR (PRKC apoptosis WT1 regulator protein; Prostate apoptosis response-4, Par-4
Shukla N, et al.
Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology (2016)
Nikhil Hebbar et al.
Cancer research, 77(15), 4039-4050 (2017-06-20)
Primary tumors are often heterogeneous, composed of therapy-sensitive and emerging therapy-resistant cancer cells. Interestingly, treatment of therapy-sensitive tumors in heterogeneous tumor microenvironments results in apoptosis of therapy-resistant tumors. In this study, we identify a prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4) amino-terminal fragment
Regulation of cell death in mitotic neural progenitor cells by asymmetric distribution of prostate apoptosis response 4 (PAR-4) and simultaneous elevation of endogenous ceramide
Bieberich E, et al.
The Journal of Cell Biology, 162(3), 469-479 (2003)
M Barradas et al.
The EMBO journal, 18(22), 6362-6369 (1999-11-24)
Inhibition of apoptosis is an important characteristic of oncogenic transformation. The Par-4 gene product has recently been shown to be upregulated in cells undergoing apoptotic cell death, and its ectopic expression was shown to be critical in apoptosis. We demonstrate
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