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Meriem Ouni et al.
Diabetes, 69(11), 2503-2517 (2020-08-21)
The identification of individuals with a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) is fundamental for prevention. Here, we used a translational approach and prediction criteria to identify changes in DNA methylation visible before the development of T2D. Islets
Christian Baumeier et al.
Molecular metabolism, 6(10), 1254-1263 (2017-10-17)
Increased hepatic expression of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Whether this is causative for the development of NAFLD is not yet clarified. Here we investigate the effect of hepatic DPP4 overexpression on the
James H Catterson et al.
Current biology : CB, 28(11), 1714-1724 (2018-05-22)
Intermittent fasting (IF) can improve function and health during aging in laboratory model organisms, but the mechanisms at work await elucidation. We subjected fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) to varying degrees of IF and found that just one month of a
Barbora Hucik et al.
Adipocyte, 10(1), 338-349 (2021-07-06)
Ghrelin is released from the stomach as an anticipatory signal prior to a meal and decreases immediately after. Previous research has shown that both acylated (AG) and unacylated (UnAG) ghrelin blunt adrenoreceptor-stimulated lipolysis in rat white adipose tissue (WAT) ex
Stephanie E Hood et al.
Journal of lipid research, 61(12), 1720-1732 (2020-09-30)
Lipins are eukaryotic proteins with functions in lipid synthesis and the homeostatic control of energy balance. They execute these functions by acting as phosphatidate phosphatase enzymes in the cytoplasm and by changing gene expression after translocation into the cell nucleus
Ellen M Armour et al.
The Journal of experimental biology, 223(Pt 6) (2020-02-15)
Infection can result in substantial costs to animals, so they frequently respond by removing infectious agents with an immune response. However, immune responses entail their own costs, including upregulation of processes that destroy pathogens (e.g. the production of reactive oxygen
Xiaoxue Li et al.
Immunity, 52(2), 374-387 (2020-02-23)
Animals require complex metabolic and physiological adaptations to maintain the function of vital organs in response to environmental stresses and infection. Here, we found that infection or injury in Drosophila induced the excretion of hemolymphatic lipids by Malpighian tubules, the
Layla Kamareddine et al.
Cell metabolism, 28(3), 449-462 (2018-06-26)
Enteroendocrine cells (EEs) are interspersed between enterocytes and stem cells in the Drosophila intestinal epithelium. Like enterocytes, EEs express components of the immune deficiency (IMD) innate immune pathway, which activates transcription of genes encoding antimicrobial peptides. The discovery of large
Daniel Gahreman et al.
Nutrients, 7(7), 5646-5663 (2015-07-18)
Fat oxidation has been shown to increase after short term green tea extract (GTE) ingestion and after one bout of intermittent sprinting exercise (ISE). Whether combining the two will result in greater fat oxidation after ISE is undetermined. The aim
Robert W O'Rourke et al.
PloS one, 8(8), e71165-e71165 (2013-08-24)
Hypoxia regulates adipocyte metabolism. Hexosamine biosynthesis is implicated in murine 3T3L1 adipocyte differentiation and is a possible underlying mechanism for hypoxia's effects on adipocyte metabolism. Lipid metabolism was studied in human visceral and subcutaneous adipocytes in in vitro hypoxic culture
Mingyu Shin et al.
Frontiers in immunology, 11, 63-63 (2020-02-23)
Drosophila hemocytes, like those of mammals, are given rise from two distinctive phases during both the embryonic and larval hematopoiesis. Embryonically derived hemocytes, mostly composed of macrophage-like plasmatocytes, are largely identified by genetic markers. However, the cellular diversity and distinct
Valentina Botero et al.
Nature communications, 12(1), 4285-4285 (2021-07-15)
Neurofibromatosis type 1 is a chronic multisystemic genetic disorder that results from loss of function in the neurofibromin protein. Neurofibromin may regulate metabolism, though the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here we show that neurofibromin regulates metabolic homeostasis in Drosophila
Neda Barghi et al.
PLoS biology, 17(2), e3000128-e3000128 (2019-02-05)
The genetic architecture of adaptive traits is of key importance to predict evolutionary responses. Most adaptive traits are polygenic-i.e., result from selection on a large number of genetic loci-but most molecularly characterized traits have a simple genetic basis. This discrepancy
Dean M Taylor et al.
Genes, 11(12) (2020-12-02)
The ancient stress signaling molecule abscisic acid (ABA) is ubiquitous in animals and plants but is perhaps most well-known from its early discovery as a plant hormone. ABA can be released into water by plants and is found in nectar
Ali M Komai et al.
Diabetes, 65(11), 3301-3313 (2016-08-25)
We investigated the physiological regulation of adiponectin exocytosis in health and metabolic disease by a combination of membrane capacitance patch-clamp recordings and biochemical measurements of short-term (30-min incubations) adiponectin secretion. Epinephrine or the β3-adrenergic receptor (AR) agonist CL 316,243 (CL)
Ava E Brent et al.
Cell metabolism, 32(5), 786-800 (2020-09-26)
Energy-sensing neural circuits decide to expend or conserve resources based, in part, on the tonic, steady-state, energy-store information they receive. Tonic signals, in the form of adipose tissue-derived adipokines, set the baseline level of activity in the energy-sensing neurons, thereby
Tibor Sághy et al.
Cell death & disease, 10(6), 439-439 (2019-06-06)
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is a multifunctional protein that promotes clearance of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis) acting as integrin β3 coreceptor. Accumulating evidence indicates that defective efferocytosis contributes to the development of chronic inflammatory diseases. Obesity is characterized by the accumulation of
Jee-Hwan Oh et al.
mSphere, 5(3) (2020-06-26)
The incidence of metabolic syndrome continues to rise globally. In mice, intravenous administration of interleukin-22 (IL-22) ameliorates various disease phenotypes associated with diet-induced metabolic syndrome. In patients, oral treatment is favored over intravenous treatment, but methodologies to deliver IL-22 via
Type 2 immunity is protective in metabolic disease but exacerbates NAFLD collaboratively with TGF-β.
Kevin M Hart et al.
Science translational medicine, 9(396) (2017-07-01)
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now the most common progressive liver disease in developed countries and is the second leading indication for liver transplantation due to the extensive fibrosis it causes. NAFLD progression is thought to be tied to
Kanyan Xu et al.
Cell metabolism, 8(4), 289-300 (2008-10-09)
Studies in mammals have indicated a connection between circadian clocks and feeding behavior, but the nature of the interaction and its relationship to nutrient metabolism are not understood. In Drosophila, clock proteins are expressed in many metabolically important tissues but
Kurt Buhler et al.
Development (Cambridge, England), 145(21) (2018-09-30)
Growth and maturation are coordinated processes in all animals. Integration of internal cues, such as signalling pathways, with external cues, such as nutritional status, is paramount for an orderly progression of development and growth. In Drosophila, this involves insulin and
Inês Mahú et al.
Cell metabolism, 31(6), 1120-1135 (2020-05-14)
Anti-obesity drugs in the amphetamine (AMPH) class act in the brain to reduce appetite and increase locomotion. They are also characterized by adverse cardiovascular effects with origin that, despite absence of any in vivo evidence, is attributed to a direct sympathomimetic action
James R Krycer et al.
The Journal of biological chemistry, 295(38), 13250-13266 (2020-07-30)
Adipose tissue is essential for metabolic homeostasis, balancing lipid storage and mobilization based on nutritional status. This is coordinated by insulin, which triggers kinase signaling cascades to modulate numerous metabolic proteins, leading to increased glucose uptake and anabolic processes like
Lisa Jehrke et al.
Scientific reports, 8(1), 6215-6215 (2018-04-20)
The metabolic phenotype of an organism depends on a complex regulatory network, which integrates the plethora of intrinsic and external information and prioritizes the flow of nutrients accordingly. Given the rise of metabolic disorders including obesity, a detailed understanding of
Takahiro Minato et al.
Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.), 20, 490-502 (2014-09-03)
The pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a two-stage process in which steatosis is the "first hit" and an unknown "second hit." We hypothesized that "a binge" could be a "second hit" to develop NASH from obesity-induced simple steatosis. Thirty-week-old
Liang Zhang et al.
Cell stem cell, 27(5), 784-797 (2020-08-14)
Brown adipocytes (BAs) are a potential cell source for the treatment of metabolic disease, including type 2 diabetes. In this report, human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are subject to directed differentiation through a paraxial mesoderm progenitor state that generates BAs
Madan Kumar Arumugam et al.
Scientific reports, 11(1), 14693-14693 (2021-07-21)
It has been previously shown that chronic ethanol administration-induced increase in adipose tissue lipolysis and reduction in the secretion of protective adipokines collectively contribute to alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) pathogenesis. Further studies have revealed that increased adipose S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) levels
Katarina Akhmetova et al.
eLife, 10 (2021-09-02)
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) plays an important role in innate immunity by controlling type I interferon response against invaded pathogens. In this work, we describe a previously unknown role of STING in lipid metabolism in Drosophila. Flies with STING
Sarah-Jane Leigh et al.
Nutrition & metabolism, 17, 71-71 (2020-08-25)
Exercise has been extensively utilised as an effective therapy for overweight- and obesity-associated changes that are linked to health complications. Several preclinical rodent studies have shown that treadmill exercise alongside an unhealthy diet improves metabolic health and microbiome composition. Furthermore
Dianne Lumaquin et al.
eLife, 10 (2021-06-12)
Lipid droplets are lipid storage organelles found in nearly all cell types from adipocytes to cancer cells. Although increasingly implicated in disease, current methods to study lipid droplets in vertebrate models rely on static imaging or the use of fluorescent
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