Miro proteins prime mitochondria for Parkin translocation and mitophagy.

The Parkinson's disease-associated protein kinase PINK1 and ubiquitin ligase Parkin coordinate the ubiquitination of mitochondrial proteins, which marks mitochondria for degradation. Miro1, an atypical GTPase involved in mitochondrial trafficking, is one of the substrates tagged by Parkin after mitochondrial damage. Here, we demonstrate that a small pool of Parkin interacts with Miro1 before mitochondrial damage occurs. This interaction does not require PINK1, does not involve ubiquitination of Miro1 and also does not disturb Miro1 function. However, following mitochondrial damage and PINK1 accumulation, this initial pool of Parkin becomes activated, leading to the ubiquitination and degradation of Miro1. Knockdown of Miro proteins reduces Parkin translocation to mitochondria and suppresses mitophagic removal of mitochondria. Moreover, we demonstrate that Miro1 EF-hand domains control Miro1's ubiquitination and Parkin recruitment to damaged mitochondria, and they protect neurons from glutamate-induced mitophagy. Together, our results suggest that Miro1 functions as a calcium-sensitive docking site for Parkin on mitochondria.