[Diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis. Role for vitamin D in glucose and energy metabolism].

Vitamin D insufficiency has been linked to obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia. The data, however, is mostly derived from observational studies and only indicates correlation. Evidence from randomized controlled trials, which are necessary to prove causal relationship between vitamin D insufficiency and those metabolic abnormalities, is scarce. Thus, at this point, although substantial circumstantial evidence supports potential roles of vitamin D in glucose and energy metabolism, clinical decisions on vitamin D treatment should not be based on such non-skeletal effects including protection from cardiovascular events, according to the recent clinical guidelines.