Lignocellulosic ethanol production at high-gravity: challenges and perspectives.

Lignocellulosic ethanol production at high-gravity: challenges and perspectives.

Trends in biotechnology (2013-11-16)

Rakesh Koppram, Elia Tomás-Pejó, Charilaos Xiros, Lisbeth Olsson

摘要

In brewing and ethanol-based biofuel industries, high-gravity fermentation produces 10-15% (v/v) ethanol, resulting in improved overall productivity, reduced capital cost, and reduced energy input compared to processing at normal gravity. High-gravity technology ensures a successful implementation of cellulose to ethanol conversion as a cost-competitive process. Implementation of such technologies is possible if all process steps can be performed at high biomass concentrations. This review focuses on challenges and technological efforts in processing at high-gravity conditions and how these conditions influence the physiology and metabolism of fermenting microorganisms, the action of enzymes, and other process-related factors. Lignocellulosic materials add challenges compared to implemented processes due to high inhibitors content and the physical properties of these materials at high gravity.

材料

货号

品牌

产品描述

E7023

Sigma-Aldrich

纯乙醇, 200 proof, for molecular biology

459836

Sigma-Aldrich

纯乙醇, 200 proof, anhydrous, ≥99.5%

459844

Sigma-Aldrich

纯乙醇, 200 proof, ACS reagent, ≥99.5%

459828

Sigma-Aldrich

纯乙醇, 200 proof, HPLC/spectrophotometric grade

51976

Sigma-Aldrich

酒精, BioUltra, for molecular biology, ≥99.8%, (absolute alcohol, without additive, A15 o¹)

493546

Sigma-Aldrich

纯乙醇, 200 proof, meets USP testing specifications

493511

Sigma-Aldrich

纯乙醇, 190 proof, ACS spectrophotometric grade, 95.0%

187380

Sigma-Aldrich

乙醇，变性, reagent grade

362808

Sigma-Aldrich

酒精试剂, reagent grade

02483

Supelco

酒精, standard for GC

E7148

Sigma-Aldrich

纯乙醇, 190 proof, for molecular biology

PHR1070

Supelco

无水乙醇, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material

493538

Sigma-Aldrich

纯乙醇, 190 proof, meets USP testing specifications

270741

Sigma-Aldrich

酒精试剂, suitable for HPLC

277649

Sigma-Aldrich

酒精试剂, anhydrous, ≤0.003% water

676829

Sigma-Aldrich

酒精试剂, anhydrous, ≤0.005% water

48075

Supelco

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32221

Sigma-Aldrich

酒精, puriss. p.a., absolute, ≥99.8% (GC)

E-029

Supelco

乙醇-50标准液 CRM, 50 mg/dL in H₂O, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

E-040

Supelco

乙醇-10标准液 CRM, 10 mg/dL in H₂O, pack of 10 × 1.2 mL ampules, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

E-033

Supelco

乙醇-300标准液 CRM, 300 mg/dL in H₂O, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

E-030

Supelco

乙醇-80 标准液 CRM, 80 mg/dL in H₂O, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

E-031

Supelco

乙醇-100（10支/盒)标准液 CRM, 100 mg/dL in H₂O, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

1012772

USP

无水酒精, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard

29221

Sigma-Aldrich

酒精, tested according to Ph. Eur.

E-053

Supelco

乙醇-500标准液 CRM, 500 mg/dL in H₂O, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

E2385

Supelco

10% (v/v) 乙醇标准品, 10 % (v/v) in H₂O, analytical standard

E-041

Supelco

乙醇-150, 150 mg/dL in H₂O, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

E-032

Supelco

乙醇-200 (10支/盒)标准液 CRM, 200 mg/dL in H₂O, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®

E-035

Supelco

Ethanol 溶液, 25 mg/dL in H₂O, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant^®