Reprogramming of microRNAs by adenosine-to-inosine editing and the selective elimination of edited microRNA precursors in mouse oocytes and preimplantation embryos.

Adenosine deaminases-acting-on-RNA (ADAR) proteins induce adenosine-to-inosine editing in double-stranded RNA molecules. This editing generates RNA diversity at the post-transcriptional level, and it has been implicated in the control of cell differentiation and development. The editing of microRNA (miRNA) precursors, along with Tudor-SN (Snd1) activity, could lead to the elimination of selected miRNAs and reprogram miRNA activity. Here, we report the dynamics of adenosine-to-inosine editing in miRNA precursors and their selected elimination during mouse preimplantation development. Adar1p110 and Snd1 were found to be strongly but differentially expressed in oocytes and zygotes with respect to later pre-implantation stages. When the biogenesis of miR-151 was assessed, the majority of miR-151 precursors was edited and subsequently eliminated during early development. Deep sequencing of this and other miRNAs confirmed that, in general, edited precursors were selectively eliminated at early post-zygotic stages. Moreover, in oocytes and throughout the zygote-to-blastocyst stages, Tudor-SN accumulated in newly discovered aggregates termed 'T bodies'. These results provide new insight into how editing and Tudor-SN-mediated elimination of miRNA precursors is regulated during early development.