Microtubules of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton are composed of a heterodimer of α- and β-tubulin. In addition to α-and β-tubulin, several other tubulins have been identified, bringing the number of distinct tubulin classes to seven.

Alkaline Phosphatase

We offer a broad range of alkaline phosphatase enzymes and substrates that are optimized for conjugation to antibodies and other proteins for your specific application needs.

Antibodies in Practice: Conjugated and Secondary Antibody Use

Using conjugated antibodies and secondary antibodies in the lab.

Semi-Dry or Tank Electrotransfer Troubleshooting

The possible causes and potential remedies for poor or inconsistent transfer of proteins from a gel to the Western blot membrane. Optimal transfer conditions may vary depending on the molecular weight of the protein of interest.

Western Blot Analysis of Immunoprecipitation (IP-Western)

The possible causes and potential remedies for challenges encountered in the immunoprecipitation-Western blot technique, which consists of cell lysis, formation of the antibody-antigen (immune) complex, precipitation of the immune complexes, and analysis by Western blotting.

Preparing Cell Lysates

This page describes common challenges encountered when lysing cells and extracting proteins prior to Western blotting. Total protein concentration must be determined for these cell lysates. Variables affecting each of these steps are outlined below, as each could affect the

Loading Controls for Western Blotting

Loading controls in western blotting application.

Prestige Antibodies® Organelle Markers

Subcellular localization studies are important for mapping and characterizing proteins and thus for better understanding of the cellular functions of the proteins. By confocal microscopy analysis on human cell lines, spatial and temporal protein expression patterns can be visualized on

Protein Visualization

Prior to probing a membrane using precious antibodies, it is helpful to visualize the transferred proteins on the blot to ensure complete transfer and even loading. This page describes possible causes and potential remedies for challenges encountered during protein visualization.

Secondary Antibodies, Conjugates, and Kits

Technical Support for Secondary Antibodies, Conjugates, and Kits

Antibody Standard Validation

Explore antibody validation, including antibody and target, species validation, lot validation, application validation, storage and handling, citations, and quality control, in detail.

Colorimetric Detection of Western blot using 4-Chloro-1-Naphthol Solution Protocol

This solution is used as a substrate for detecting horseradish-peroxidase conjugates in Western blotting.

Sample Preparation & Gel Electrophoresis Troubleshooting

The possible causes and potential remedies for challenges encountered during preparation of samples for SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) and optimizing electrophoresis conditions.

Prestige Antibodies® in Breast Cancer Research

Browse Human Protein Atlas; Prestige Antibodies®; Polyclonals and Monoclonals; Clinical Markers; Antibodies used in breast cancer research.

Antibody Generation

Leverage the inherent immune ability of an animal to generate antibodies that bind to specific molecules.

Auto2D^® Automated 2-D Gel Electrophoresis Device

The Auto2D® 2-D Electrophoresis Device fully automates difficult 2D electrophoresis methods in a quick, easy, and reproducible way. Locate difficult-to-find proteins using the Auto2D® system in less than two hours with high reproducibility.

Western Blotting: Why Are Observed and Calculated Molecular Weights Different?

A discussion of factors affecting observed vs. calculated molecular weight in gel electrophoresis and western blotting.

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